Badge - Atomic UI Component (rework)

[pslawinski-htd]

Issue: Badge - Atomic UI Component

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PR Checklist

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Why are these changes needed?

The badge component had to be updated to correspond with the updated design. This is an atomic component so this PR is responsible only for badge styling. Some of the statuses still don't have color coding determined - it'll be completed in a different PR.

What changed?

Styles and some util functions were added.

How are these changes tested?

It was assessed visually and functions were tested with unit tests. Here'e the link to the deployed storybook: link

[pslawinski-htd]

@btmikolajczyk I addressed your change requests