Incorrect use of `ceterms:targetCompetency`

[stuartasutton]

I am uncertain whether the following is a cataloging error or an editor problem.

WorkIt Resource: https://credentialfinder.org/credential/1417/21st_Century_Skills_for_Workplace_Success

This certificate ("Pharmacy Technician") lists a series of required courses; however, it uses the ceterms-targetCompetency where it should use the ceterms:targetLearningOpportunity

    "ceterms:requires": [{
        "@type": "ceterms:ConditionProfile",
        "ceterms:assertedBy": [{"@id": "http://credentialEngineRegistry.org/resources/5a172f5c-63df-4712-b240-cc7dc0aa7a58"}],

        [ ... ]

        "ceterms:name": "Pharmacy Technician Program Courses",
        "ceterms:targetCompetency": [
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides an overview of the fundamentals of pharmacy and the technician\u2019s role in providing pharmaceutical care. Principles, practices, and policies of military health care organizations are examined. Professional pharmacy responsibilities, laws and regulations are examined. This course prepares the student for higher-level Pharmacy courses.\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Demonstrate how to properly use the computer-based testing system\n-Discuss and familiarize the student with professional integrity and training environment safety\n-Discuss and familiarize the student with service specific topics and requirements.\n-Interpret basic terminology used in pharmacy practice\n-Identify basic terms and facts related to dosage forms.\n-Identify the role and standards of a pharmacy technician.\n-Identify information and requirements pertaining to pharmacy laws and regulations\n-Describe chemical structure and change relating to pharmaceutical concepts.",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 101 Introduction to Pharmacy"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course will provide familiarization with procedures for the accountability and storage of controlled substances. Supply, storage and security of medications are discussed and labbased studies are performed. This course will prepare the student for Advanced Pharmacy Admin/Supply.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Intro to Pharm\n\nLesson Objectives:\n- Differentiate between step-by-step procedures for receiving, storing and maintaining stock levels of pharmaceutical supplies\n-Perform step-by-step procedures for receiving, storing and maintaining stock levels of pharmaceutical supplies\n-Identify pharmacy forms and filing procedures as they relate to service specific requirements\n-Recognize how the military laws and regulations pertain to pharmacy practice\n-Identify the physical security measures in a pharmacy setting\n-Recognize the regulations pertaining to control and storage of medications to include controlled substances\n",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 102 Pharmacy Administration and Supply"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course introduces the knowledge and applications of the policies and procedures associated with outpatient pharmacy operations through knowledge-based applications. Technology, reference usage, and procedures associated with quality assurance are examined. Automated pharmacy data management system usage and medication dispensing are performed in a practical outpatient pharmacy setting. This course is designed to prepare the student for the Advanced Outpatient Pharmacy Operations Course.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Pharmacy Admin/Supply\n\nLesson Objectives:\n- Determine the procedures for using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform procedures for using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an outpatient pharmacy setting\n-Determine dispensing functions in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform dispensing functions in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Select the appropriate use of traditional and web based outpatient pharmacy references- materials\n-Utilize the appropriate use of traditional and web based pharmacy reference materials\n-Identify pharmacy automation in an outpatient-dispensing environment\n-Utilize pharmacy automation in an outpatient-dispensing environment\n-Describe the procedures for prevention, identification and correction of medication errors",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 110 Outpatient Pharmacy Operations"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course will introduce therapeutics, an overview of the nervous system, as well as the endocrine system. Associated disease states and appropriate pharmacology will be discussed for each system. This course is designed to prepare the student for Therapeutics II.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Intro to Pharm\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Identify the terminology, principles, methods, and theories of pharmacology and drug therapy\n-Identify the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, pharmacology, and drug therapies of the central nervous system\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology and drug therapies of the peripheral nervous system\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology and drug therapies of the endocrine system\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology and drug therapies of the reproductive system",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 103 Therapeutics I"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course introduces the basic principles and concepts of mathematics necessary for use in pharmacy practice. This course is designed to prepare the student for Pharmaceutical Calculations II.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Intro to Pharm\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Perform basic mathematical calculations\n-Perform the mathematical steps and solve conversions between units of measurement\n-Perform the mathematical steps and solve dosage calculations for drug administration",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "MATH 102 Pharmaceutical Calculations I"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides familiarization with basic pharmaceutical compounding techniques and pre-lab procedures. This course is designed to prepare the student for Advanced Pharmaceutical Compounding.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Pharmaceutical Calculations I\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Identify terminology and equipment associated with compounding and measuring\n-Identify the techniques and forms required for non-sterile compounding\n-Perform non-sterile compounding techniques",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 120 Pharmaceutical Compounding"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course will provide an overview of the Renal and Vascular System, Allergy, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (EENT), Respiratory system, and Musculoskeletal system. Associated disease states and appropriate pharmacology will be discussed for each system. This course is designed to prepare the student for Therapeutics III.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Therapeutics I\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Identify the anatomy and physiology of the Cardiovascular, Hematologic, and Renal Systems\n-Identify the disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies of the Cardiovascular, Hematologic, and Renal Systems\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies used to treat EENT disorders\n- Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies of the respiratory system\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies of the musculoskeletal system\n",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 104 Therapeutics II"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course builds upon the knowledge and applications acquired in the Pharmaceutical Calculations I Course. Methods necessary for performing calculations in compounding areas of pharmacy practice are addressed. This course is designed to prepare the student for Pharmaceutical Calculations III.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Pharmaceutical Calc I\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Perform mathematical steps and solve for drug percentage preparations calculations\n-Perform the mathematical steps to solve problems of dilution and concentration using alligations",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "MATH 103 Pharmaceutical Calculations II"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides an introduction through knowledge-based applications, to the policies and procedures associated with inpatient pharmacy operations in a traditional setting. All aspects of preparation, dispensing, and quality assurance of both sterile and unit dose products are examined. Performance in an inpatient practical laboratory setting will be assessed. The course is designed to prepare the student for the Advanced Inpatient Pharmacy Operations Course.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Pharmaceutical Calc II\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Identify facts and terms relating to inpatient pharmacy operation in a traditional setting\n-Identify procedures for handling and disposal of hazardous materials\n-Describe the procedures using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an inpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform Order Entry Menu and IV order functions using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an inpatient pharmacy environment\n-Describe the steps necessary to accurately fill unit dose orders in an inpatient environment\n-Demonstrate the steps necessary to accurately fill unit dose orders in an inpatient environment\n-Describe the steps necessary to build and maintain crash carts and emergency drug trays\n-Demonstrate the steps necessary to build and maintain crash carts and emergency drug trays\n-Describe the procedures for filling ward and clinic stock supply requests\n-Demonstrate proper procedures for filling ward and clinic stock supply requests\n-Identify basic procedures associated with compounding sterile products\n-Perform the step-by-step procedures for the validation of the sterile products\n-Demonstrate the use of reference materials for parenteral preparations\n-Describe sterile compounding techniques\n-Demonstrate sterile compounding techniques",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 111 Inpatient Pharmacy Operations"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course will provide an overview of infectious diseases, endocrine system, reproductive system, gastrointestinal system, toxicology and alternative medicines. Associated disease\nstates and appropriate pharmacology will be discussed for each system. This course is designed to prepare the student for the Advanced Therapeutics Course.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Therapeutics II\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Identify the pharmacology of complementary and alternative medicines\n-Give examples of pharmaceutical agents used in toxicology treatments\n-Identify the appropriate pharmacology for the treatment of oncological disorders\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies of the dermatological system\n-Identify the basic anatomy and physiology of the immune system, associated diseases and disorders, and immunizations and related therapies\n-Identify the characteristics and causes of infections diseases.\n-Identify the appropriate pharmacology and drug therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections\n-Identify the appropriate pharmacology and drug therapies for the treatment of miscellaneous infections\n-Identify the anatomy, physiology, disease states, appropriate pharmacology, and drug therapies of the gastrointestinal system",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 106 Therapeutics III"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course builds upon the knowledge and applications necessary for pharmacy practice acquired in the Pharmaceutical Calculations II Course. Methods necessary for performing calculations in sterile compounding areas of pharmacy practice are addressed. This course is designed to prepare the student for the Advanced Pharmaceutical Calculations Course.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Pharmaceutical Calc II\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Perform appropriate drug reconsitution, flow rate, and milliequivalents calculations",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "MATH 201 Pharmaceutical Calculations III"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides additional information on the fundamentals of pharmacy and the technician\u2019s role in providing pharmaceutical care in a traditional and non-traditional practice setting.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Phase 1a\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Discuss pharmacy laws and regulations in traditional and non-traditional practice settings\n-Identify the roles and responsibilities of a pharmacy technician in a non-traditional practice setting\n-Identify operational risk management principles and concepts related to pharmacy practice\n-Differentiate supply procedures between traditional and non-traditional environment\n-Perform supply procedures in a non-traditional pharmacy practice environment\n-Identify facts and procedures relating to the maintenance of miscellaneous pharmacy reports",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 201 Advanced Pharmacy Operations"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides advanced knowledge and applications required to perform in an operational inpatient/outpatient pharmacy settings. This course also provides advanced knowledge and applications required for pharmaceutical preparations, advanced compounding techniques, and processing prescriptions with or without a Pharmacy Data Management System in an operational setting.\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Determine dispensing techniques to be employed in a traditional and non-traditional environment\n-Demonstrate dispensing techniques in a traditional and non-traditional environment\n-Determine compounding techniques utilized in a traditional and non-traditional setting\n-Demonstrate compounding techniques used in a traditional and non-traditional setting\n-Identify advanced CHCS inpatient functions\n-Perform advanced CHCS inpatient functions\n-Discuss advanced inpatient techniques and products\n-Demonstrate advanced inpatient techniques and product preparation\n-Perform advanced mathematical steps and solve for specific gravity calculations\n-Discuss additional applications of over-the-counter programs utilized in traditional and non-traditional settings\n-Develop procedures for implementing an over-the-counter program\n-Discuss additional applications of infectious disease prevention programs required to perform in a non-traditional setting\n-Prepare for the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam with an emphasis on Therapeutics",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "PHAR 202 Advanced Pharmacy Practice"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This course provides a basic overview and applications of pharmacy operations in a field environment to include warrior tasks and battle drills.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of Army, Navy completion of didactic and lab \n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Decontaminate yourself and individual equipment using chemical decontaminating kits\n-React to chemical or biological (CB) hazard/attack\n-Maintain your assigned protective mask\n-Submit an NBC 1 Report\n-Report nuclear, biological, and chemical information using NBC 4 report\n-Determine direction within the target area\n-Maintain an M16-Series Rifle\n-Move under direct fire\n-Move over, through, or around obstacles (except minefields)\n-React to indirect fire while dismounted\n-Select temporary fighting positions\n-Use visual signaling techniques\n-Identify topographic symbols on a military map\n-Identify terrain features on a map\n-Determine the grid coordinates of a point on a military map\n-Determine a magnetic azimuth using a lensatic compass\n-Determine the elevation of a point on the ground using a map\n-Determine a location on the ground by terrain association\n-Navigate from one point on the ground to another point while dismounted\n-Measure distance on a map\n-Convert azimuths\n-Orient a map to the ground by map-terrain association\n-Locate an unknown point on a map and on the ground by resection\n-Clear a field of fire\n-Request medical evacuation\n-Evaluate a casualty (Tactical Combat Casualty Care)\n-Perform first aid for an open abdominal wound\n-Perform first aid for an open chest wound\n-Perform first aid for an open head wound\n-Fabricate preliminary denture casts\n-React to unexploded ordnance hazards\n-Maintain a document register (nonautomated)\n-Prepare a document register\n-Perform voice communications\n-Prepare SINCGARS (manpack) for operation\n-Communicate via a tactical telephone\n-Communicate via a tactical radio in a secure net\n-Report information of potential intelligence value\n-Report intelligence information\n-Report casualties\n-Assemble and disassemble the deployable medical systems TEMPER tent\n-Repack disassembled TEMPER for repack into MILVAN\n-Prepare the shelter tactical expandable for operation and/or transport\n-Perform duties as a 68Q10 under simulated combat conditions during a 48 hour Field Training Exercize (FTX)",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "FTX 101 Field Training Exercise (Army)"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "Students will apply knowledge and perform functions related to a variety of real-time pharmacy clinical settings.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of completion of the METC Pharmacy Consolidated Courses\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Discuss and familiarize the student to pharmacy experiential training\n-Familiarize the student with information security requirements\n-Discuss hazards specific to the healthcare environment and personal hygiene and safety techniques\n-Perform the proper procedures using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in a live inpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform the step by step procedures for the quality assurance of sterile products\n- Perform the steps necessary to accurately fill unit dose orders in an inpatient environment\n-Demonstrate the steps necessary to build and maintain crash carts and emergency drug trays\n-Utilize proper procedures for filling ward and clinic stock supply requests\n-Perform proper procedures for using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform proper dispensing functions in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Demonstrate the proper use of appropriate outpatient reference materials\n-Utilize pharmacy automation in an outpatient dispensing environment\n-Demonstrate step-by-step procedures for receiving, storing, and maintaining stock levels of pharmaceutical supplies",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "ASSP 101 Army Service Specific Practicum"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "Students will apply knowledge and perform functions related to a variety of real-time pharmacy clinical settings.\nPrerequisite(s): Successful completion of completion of the METC Pharmacy Consolidated Courses\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-Discuss and familiarize the student to pharmacy experiential training\n-Familiarize the student with information security requirements\n-Discuss hazard specific to the healthcare environment and personal hygiene and safety techniques\n-Perform the proper procedures using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in a live inpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform the step by step procedures for the quality assurance of sterile products\n-Perform the steps necessary to accurately fill unit dose orders in an inpatient environment\n-Demonstrate the steps necessary to build and maintain crash carts and emergency drug trays\n-Utilize proper procedures for filling ward and clinic stock supply requests\n-Perform proper procedures for using the Composite Health Care System (CHCS) in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Perform proper dispensing functions in an outpatient pharmacy environment\n-Demonstrate the proper use of appropriate outpatient reference materials\n-Utilize pharmacy automation in an outpatient dispensing environment\n-Demonstrate step-by-step procedures for receiving, storing and maintaining stock levels of pharmaceutical supplies.",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "NSSP 101 Navy Service Specific Practicum"
            },
            {
                "@type": "ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject",
                "ceterms:alignmentType": "Requires",
                "ceterms:frameworkName": "Pharmacy Technician",
                "ceterms:targetNodeDescription": "This program provides practical clinical training and experience in all aspects of pharmacy practice to include outpatient dispensing, inpatient dispensing, and medical logistics procedures.\nPrerequisite(s): Must successfully complete Pharmacy (Phase I) before entry into this training.\n\nLesson Objectives:\n-State the components of the Air Force Medical Service\n-Identify the mission of the Joint Commission as it pertains to the AFMS\n-Name the steps of career progression for a surgical service apprentice\n-Identify facts and terms related to the professional conduct, customer service and patient relationships\n-Identify facts and terms related to medical, legal, ethics, and patient relationships\n-Perform the duties of a service member and surgical technologist in a field environment. Conduct orientation.\n-Identify facts and principles pertaining to USAF Medical Service Mission and Doctrine\n-Identify facts and principles of combat stress control management and Brevity Immediacy Centrality Expectancy Proximity Simplicity (BICEPS)\n-Erect an Alaska Small Shelter System/Identify facts and principles of field sanitation, hygiene, and disease prevention\n-Identify facts and principles of foreign and domestic sources of danger to U.S. forces; future battlefield settings, new weaponry, and impact to health protection\n-Identify facts and principle of systems directly related to day to day operations in support of operational missions\n-Identify medical effects of NBC warfare; Identify facts and principle associated with diagnosing and treating casualties wounded/contaminated by depleted uranium\n-Demonstrate patient transport made using the correct littler commands; transport sequences and vehicle loading/unloading procedures, proper triage techniques, and management of mass casualties",
                "ceterms:targetNodeName": "USAF Phase II Pharmacy"
            }
        ]
    }],

[siuc-nate]

These were entered as competencies - you are correct, they should have been entered as learning opportunities.

The competencies here should be entered into CASS so they can be referenced from the Credential.

[siuc-nate]

Given our discussion yesterday (7/25/2017), is this still an issue? The gist I got was that we agreed that in cases like this, the individual courses should each be represented as competency frameworks (since that is the only data that is relevant) and referenced from the top level learning opportunity that defines the program (degree or otherwise).

Though it's worth noting that these are being referenced from the credential rather than the learning opportunity - would we need to have the Credential require the competencies and the learning opportunity teach them? I would hope it is enough to have the Credential require the learning opportunity, as that will implicitly bring the competencies along with it.

Thoughts?

[stuartasutton]

Yes, we need to return to this. In fact, it's somewhat worse than I thought for a totally different set of reasons.

Perhaps this needs a separate issue...and more discussion.

We'd need to look closely at the original to know for sure since I didn't spend any time looking at the actual "competency" text here in the CTDL description. When I look at those texts now, I don't think these are competency statements at all, but course (learning opportunity) descriptions--à la, catalog descriptions of courses which frequently say things about the outcomes but wouldn't be deemed competency statements.

[siuc-nate]

That was on my mind too, actually - I could see them being interpreted as competencies but only in a very vague way. I think I raised this when I was talking with @jkitchensSIUC the other day - Jeanne, can you chime in?