Introduce Ruff

[glatterf42]

Please confirm that this PR has done the following:

• ~[ ] Tests Added~ But updated black CI workflow
• [x] Documentation Added
• [x] Name of contributors Added to AUTHORS.rst
• [x] Description in RELEASE_NOTES.md Added

Description of PR

As suggested by https://github.com/IAMconsortium/pyam/pull/820#issuecomment-1971061133, this PR cherry-picks the commits from #820 that refer to ruff and amends some of them that got mixed with Python mentions.

[glatterf42]

Should we add some mention of ruff to the docs?

Also, in ixmp4, we have an optional dependency group called "dev" in pyproject.toml and that includes a minimum version for ruff. Should we add something similar here?

[danielhuppmann]

Should we add some mention of ruff to the docs?

Please also add the badge to index.rst, should be sufficient.

Also, in ixmp4, we have an optional dependency group called "dev" in pyproject.toml and that includes a minimum version for ruff. Should we add something similar here?

Yes, please.

[danielhuppmann]

You also have to use the ruff-badge in docs/index.rst on line 8.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.36709% with 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 94.8%. Comparing base (10933de) to head (079d345).

Files	Patch %	Lines
pyam/run_control.py	66.6%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #821 +/- ## ===================================== Coverage 94.8% 94.8% ===================================== Files 64 64 Lines 6089 6092 +3 ===================================== + Hits 5775 5778 +3 Misses 314 314 ```

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[glatterf42]

I can't merge it myself though, don't have permissions for that, so please go ahead.