CLI: Validate storage in `verdi storage version`

[sphuber]

Fixes #6547

The verdi storage version, in addition to printing the version of the code's and storage's schema, now also validates the storage. If the storage is corrupt or cannot be reached, the command returns the exit code 3. If the storage and code schema versions are incompatible, exit code 4 is returned. This way this command serves as an alternative to running verdi storage migrate as a way to check whether a profile needs to be migrated. The verdi storage migrate command needs to perform checks such as whether the daemon is running and so is always going to be slower.

[sphuber]

@danielhollas would something like this work?

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.88889% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 77.83%. Comparing base (ef60b66) to head (6459592). Report is 127 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/aiida/cmdline/commands/cmd_storage.py	88.89%	2 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #6551 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 77.51% 77.83% +0.33% ========================================== Files 560 566 +6 Lines 41444 41979 +535 ========================================== + Hits 32120 32669 +549 + Misses 9324 9310 -14 ```

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[danielhollas]

Overall this makes sense, I'll have a closer look later. Also want to do some benchmarks to see if this is indeed an improvement. For a profile without a broker (after #6550), running verdi storage migrate and verdi storage version takes roughly the same amount of time (which makes sense)

`❯ hyperfine -w 5 'verdi storage version' 'verdi storage migrate --force'
Benchmark 1: verdi storage version
  Time (mean ± σ):     737.2 ms ±   4.7 ms    [User: 749.3 ms, System: 812.7 ms]
  Range (min … max):   729.5 ms … 745.8 ms    10 runs

Benchmark 2: verdi storage migrate --force
  Time (mean ± σ):     763.7 ms ±   7.3 ms    [User: 779.1 ms, System: 811.5 ms]
  Range (min … max):   758.6 ms … 783.0 ms    10 runs

Summary
  verdi storage version ran
    1.04 ± 0.01 times faster than verdi storage migrate --force