build(deps): update dependency starlette to v0.40.0 [security] (hotfix/8.4)

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Adoption	Passing	Confidence
starlette (changelog)	`==0.38.4` -> `==0.40.0`

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2024-47874

Summary

Starlette treats multipart/form-data parts without a filename as text form fields and buffers those in byte strings with no size limit. This allows an attacker to upload arbitrary large form fields and cause Starlette to both slow down significantly due to excessive memory allocations and copy operations, and also consume more and more memory until the server starts swapping and grinds to a halt, or the OS terminates the server process with an OOM error. Uploading multiple such requests in parallel may be enough to render a service practically unusable, even if reasonable request size limits are enforced by a reverse proxy in front of Starlette.

PoC

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.routing import Route

async def poc(request):
    async with request.form():
        pass

app = Starlette(routes=[
    Route('/', poc, methods=["POST"]),
])

curl http://localhost:8000 -F 'big=</dev/urandom'

Impact

This Denial of service (DoS) vulnerability affects all applications built with Starlette (or FastAPI) accepting form requests.

Release Notes

encode/starlette (starlette)

### [`v0.40.0`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.40.0): Version 0.40.0 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.39.2...0.40.0) This release fixes a Denial of service (DoS) via `multipart/form-data` requests. You can view the full security advisory: [GHSA-f96h-pmfr-66vw](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/security/advisories/GHSA-f96h-pmfr-66vw) #### Fixed - Add `max_part_size` to `MultiPartParser` to limit the size of parts in `multipart/form-data` requests [fd038f3](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/commit/fd038f3070c302bff17ef7d173dbb0b007617733). ### [`v0.39.2`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.39.2): Version 0.39.2 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.39.1...0.39.2) ##### Fixed - Allow use of `request.url_for` when only "app" scope is available [#2672](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2672). - Fix internal type hints to support `python-multipart==0.0.12` [#2708](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2708). *** **Full Changelog**: https://github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.39.1...0.39.2 ### [`v0.39.1`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.39.1): Version 0.39.1 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.39.0...0.39.1) #### Fixed - Avoid regex re-compilation in `responses.py` and `schemas.py` [#2700](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2700). - Improve performance of `get_route_path` by removing regular expression usage [#2701](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2701). - Consider `FileResponse.chunk_size` when handling multiple ranges [#2703](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2703). - Use `token_hex` for generating multipart boundary strings [#2702](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2702). *** **Full Changelog**: https://github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.39.0...0.39.1 ### [`v0.39.0`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.39.0): Version 0.39.0 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.6...0.39.0) #### Added - Add support for HTTP Range to `FileResponse` [#2697](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2697) *** **Full Changelog**: https://github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.6...0.39.0 ### [`v0.38.6`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.38.6): Version 0.38.6 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.5...0.38.6) #### Fixed - Close unclosed `MemoryObjectReceiveStream` in `TestClient` [#2693](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2693). *** **Full Changelog**: https://github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.5...0.38.6 ### [`v0.38.5`](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.38.5): Version 0.38.5 [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.4...0.38.5) #### Fixed - Schedule `BackgroundTasks` from within `BaseHTTPMiddleware` [#2688](https://redirect.github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2688). This behavior was removed in 0.38.3, and is now restored. *** **Full Changelog**: https://github.com/encode/starlette/compare/0.38.4...0.38.5

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