Upgrade from Debian Bullseye to Debian Bookworm

[jsf9k]

🗣 Description

This pull request upgrades the Docker base image from Debian Bullseye to Debian Bookworm. It also bumps the version of Python used from 3.11.6 to 3.11.8.

💭 Motivation and context

Debian Bookworm is the latest release, and we want to stay current.

🧪 Testing

All automated tests pass.

✅ Pre-approval checklist

• [x] This PR has an informative and human-readable title.
• [x] Changes are limited to a single goal - eschew scope creep!
• [x] All relevant type-of-change labels have been added.
• [x] I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• [x] These code changes follow cisagov code standards.
• [x] All new and existing tests pass.

✅ Post-merge checklist

• [x] Create a release.