Specifically a number of warnings have been converted into Error exceptions:
Attempting to write to a property of a non-object. Previously this implicitly created an stdClass object for null, false and empty strings.
Attempting to append an element to an array for which the PHP_INT_MAX key is already used.
Attempting to use an invalid type (array or object) as an array key or string offset.
Attempting to write to an array index of a scalar value.
Attempting to unpack a non-array/Traversable.
Attempting to access unqualified constants which are undefined. Previously, unqualified constant accesses resulted in a warning and were interpreted as strings.
PHP 8 breaks some things in Exponent as many warnings in past PHP versions are now fatal errors. Some of these have been fixed.