Add kubectl create secret --from-base64-literal and --random-value-for-key

[ash2k]

What would you like to be added?

kubectl create secret --from-literal=key=secret-value is very handy. I have a use case where I'm creating a secret that needs to be binary (an encryption key), be of a certain size, and use all of those bits for entropy. I'm taking randomness from /dev/urandom but cannot use it as a literal value since it's binary.

I could put the secret material into a file and use kubectl create secret --from-file=./file but:

• Secret data hitting the disk is undesirable as it's potentially less secure.
• Secret is potentially exposed on disk, even if briefly.
• It's a hassle to clean up the file in the script, potentially leaving it behind, exposing it later.

Ideally I'd use something like kubectl create secret --from-base64-literal="key=$(head -c 64 /dev/urandom | base64)" to generate a value of 64 bytes, base64 encode it, pass to kubectl. It would decode it, persist into the cluster.

Yet another idea (can open a separate issue) is to have --random-value-for-key=key=64. It would generate a random value of length 64 and persist it into the key key. Even nicer and more secure (secret is not exposed on disk and via command line flags, where it can be seen by other processes) for bootstrapping a secret (from a script or console).

/sig cli

Why is this needed?

Better scripting experience, more secure secret data handling.

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[xuzhenglun]

/assign

maybe it is festiable by using stdin device, here is my workaround.

head -c 64 /dev/urandom | kubectl create secret genetic my-secret --from-file=/dev/stdin

EDIT: Although there is a workaround, I still vote to adding this flag.

1. This method seems not portiable in Windows(Sorry I'm not familiar with Windows, correct me if I'm wrong).
2. Flag way is simpler and have better experience.

[xuzhenglun]

WDYT about thie feature? @eddiezane

Do you want to implement this @ash2k ? If I may, once this feature is accepted, I'm happy to raise a PR to make it happen.

[ash2k]

Do you want to implement this @ash2k ?

Not anytime soon. I need the feature but don't have capacity to build it right now.

[ak20102763]

Hi @ash2k / @xuzhenglun , if this feature is accepted, kubectl create secret generic --random-value-for-key=key=64 this could be one way to add it. Developed and tested this, let me know if I can contribute.

[Bhargav-manepalli]

Hi @xuzhenglun / @ash2k,

I have worked on this feature: kubectl create secret generic --random-value-for-key=key=64.
I am ready to contribute my implementation via a pull request.

[xuzhenglun]

@Bhargav-manepalli / @ak20102763

Don't worry, I'm fine if you want to take over it.

But I'm not sure that such change will be accepted, You would be better to ensure this with approver of sig-cli. IMHO, flag likes --random-value-for-key could lack of versatility:

1. Is the randomness cryptographically random or just ordinary pseudo-random. If people want to decide how to generate the data, maybe --from-base64-literal is better.
2. This semantics is not explicitly shown in the flag name, so 64 seems not very clear about the length of random bytes.

[ardaguclu]

/transfer kubectl

[ak20102763]

@xuzhenglun I understand your concern, I am using crypto/rand package that generates high entropy cryptographic randomness, which can be suitable to generate keys, tokens. And if user needs just high entropy random bytes irrespective of how it is created, generating it through secret creation and storing it would give better experience. Though as you said, user may want to decide how to generate data, then --from-base64-literal would be a better option.

And here is more information about this flag: --random-value-for-key=key=size Specify a key and size to generate random binary value from crypto/rand package (e.g., --random-value-for-key=key=64). The size should be a positive integer representing the number of bytes.

[Bhargav-manepalli]

@xuzhenglun , I've implemented the --from-base64-literal=<base64 encoded key> flag in kubectl. With this flag, when creating a secret, the secret will be created with the encoded value. The logic is handled in kubectl, where the base64-encoded string from the CLI arguments is decoded and passed as the decoded key to the API server. The API server will then create an encoded secret for us. This ensures flexibility for users while maintaining proper handling of encoded secrets.

[xuzhenglun]

That’s really awesome, thanks for your contribution. Feel free to raise a PR and link with this issue when you are ready. @Bhargav-manepalli

/assign @Bhargav-manepalli /unassign

[Bhargav-manepalli]

Thanks @ak20102763 , @xuzhenglun I've submitted a pull request that implements the --from-base64-literal flag for kubectl create secret generic. The implementation includes the new flag, associated logic, unit tests. I'd appreciate your review and feedback.

[ardaguclu]

I think this should be triaged by sig-cli first to move forward. Because adding new flag requires strong justification.

[ardaguclu]

There is a workaround as stated in https://github.com/kubernetes/kubectl/issues/1654#issuecomment-2346265086

head -c 64 /dev/urandom | kubectl create secret genetic my-secret --from-file=/dev/stdin

and this workaround is also a reasonable and looks not hacky.

We usually would consider adding more flags, if there is no other way around and in that case there is.

[Bhargav-manepalli]

Hi @xuzhenglun , I raised a PR. Any comments on this ?

[xuzhenglun]

Added --from-base64-literal feature to secret kubernetes/kubernetes#127609

@Bhargav-manepalli
I'm afraid you have to give a good reason to convince sig-cli of the necessity of this parameter. AFAIK, for signle key with random data, reading from stdin is a fine solution. maybe mulitiple key with random value? But I wander is this a real world scenario? 🤔 💭

[ash2k]

It's a good workaround, but it only works if you need a secret with a single key/value.

[Bhargav-manepalli]

@ash2k , It supports for multiple key:value 's as well. i mean multiple keys with encoded values. kubectl create secret generic my-secrey --from-base64-literal=user=<encoded string> --from-base64-literal=pass=<encoded string>

[ash2k]

I was talking about the workaround :)

[ak20102763]

@ash2k / @xuzhenglun , how about this workaround , this way we can have multiple key/value pairs in single secret

kubectl create secret generic my-secret --from-file=key1=<(head -c 64 /dev/urandom) --from-file=key2=<(head -c 128 /dev/urandom) --from-file=key3=<(head -c 64 /dev/urandom)

[ash2k]

@ak20102763 Sure. But why make the user do this vs have flags that do what's necessary? I think working with secrets is quite important and default kubectl experience should be fool-proof as much as possible (mostly to avoid leaking secret data). So in my mind it makes sense to provide a clean UX for this.

I think it's not about "possible to do" vs "impossible to do without the flag(s)". It's about helping the user to avoid leaking the secret data. This is way more important and should be prioritized. Most people will not know all these shell tricks (I didn't!), and they probably don't work on Windows either. Users will just put their secret data into a file(s), which is strictly less secure as it exposes it on disk.

Again, we have those specialized kubectl create commands for better UX, not because one cannot do the same thing without them. It's about UX, not possible/impossible.

Hence, I think both --from-base64-literal and --random-value-for-key should be added for the best cli/scripting UX/security.

Does this make sense? WDYT?

[ak20102763]

@ash2k I agree, we have kubectl create commands just to give better UX, and the reason I thought --random-value-for-key would be better option is its ease of use, user just have to give number of bytes he/she wants in the secret and it will be created. This way user doesn’t even need to know any specialised commands to create binary data, and it will be applicable across platforms. It’s is also more secure in the way it creates secret as it doesn’t need any data from the disk.

[Bhargav-manepalli]

@ash2k , The test pull-kubernetes-verify is failing with error command "kubectl create secret generic": flag name "from-base64-literal" is invalid, long form of flag names can only contain lowercase characters or dash (must match ^[a-z]+[a-z\-]*$) . Because, currently it's only accepting lowercases and dashes. https://github.com/Bhargav-manepalli/kubernetes/blob/10d393a4f8f946753b7b2ed7e017e0a907e51e0f/staging/src/k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/cmd/util/sanity/cmd_sanity.go#L147

Either to change the flag-name or add numeric support to the flag ?

[ash2k]

@Bhargav-manepalli I'm not on sig-cli, cannot make any decisions. But in my personal opinion numbers should be allowed in flag names, I don't see why that would be bad in general.

Alternatively, what are the good names for the flag if not --from-base64-literal? 🤔

[Bhargav-manepalli]

@Bhargav-manepalli I'm not on sig-cli, cannot make any decisions. But in my personal opinion numbers should be allowed in flag names, I don't see why that would be bad in general.

Alternatively, what are the good names for the flag if not --from-base64-literal? 🤔

Any suggestions on this ? @xuzhenglun

[xuzhenglun]

Any suggestions on this ? @xuzhenglun

In my personal opinion, I think this new flag could bring user better experience indeed. But I'm new and not on charge, cannot make decision too.

Would you please help us to triage this? @ardaguclu

[ardaguclu]

As I tried to state in here https://github.com/kubernetes/kubectl/issues/1654#issuecomment-2360657615, we are hesitant to add new flags and it is considered only for the cases where there is no workaround. Because usability of a flag may seem reasonable from one point of view but it may also lead to a bad user experience from another point of view (for example, numerous flags in one command, just like run has not good UX).

In that case there are workarounds for every possible case and I'd not prefer adding a new flag for an imperative command (i.e. create secret). But let's leave this issue as open for now to get more feedback from the community.

[valid-var]

I vote for --from-base64-literal or --from-encoded-literal flag, as it can be real handy for passing any abnormal symbols, such as tabs, newlines, etc and basically any byte data. Although passing data through stdin has proven to be a valid workaround, this flag might make kubectl a bit more user-friendly