Add `Event Enabled` operation to `Logger`

[pellared]

We need a separate operation like Event Enabled to help users avoiding performing computationally expensive operations when generating events?

Related to:

• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/issues/4261
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/issues/4220

Experimental implementations:

• C++: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/f69963f587b148d2eb20f7d30f8b4a1ccb184a6f/api/include/opentelemetry/logs/logger.h#L251-L276
• Rust: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust/blob/8d84a76b8f8aaa0d625ab67a16320680c276f6b5/opentelemetry/src/logs/logger.rs#L23-L25

Parameters:

• context (optional/required - depending on the language)
• event name (required)
• severity level (required)

_Originally posted by @pellared in https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/pull/4259#discussion_r1801781514_