dpkg errors with qgis-providers, qgis and python3-qgis at installing QGIS 3.36.3 from https://qgis.org/debian

What is the bug or the crash?

$ more /etc/apt/sources.list.d/qgis.sources
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: https://qgis.org/debian
Suites: jammy
Architectures: amd64
Components: main
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/qgis-archive-keyring.gpg

Steps to reproduce the issue

$ sudo apt install qgis
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
qgis is already the newest version (1:3.36.3+36jammy).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Setting up qgis-providers (1:3.36.3+36jammy) ...
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
dpkg: error processing package qgis-providers (--configure):
 installed qgis-providers package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 139
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup err
or from a previous failure.
                           dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of qgis:
 qgis depends on qgis-providers (= 1:3.36.3+36jammy); however:
  Package qgis-providers is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package qgis (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-qgis:
 python3-qgis depends on qgis-providers (= 1:3.36.3+36jammy); however:
  Package qgis-providers is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-qgis (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 qgis-providers
 qgis
 python3-qgis
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Versions

QGIS version 3.36.3-Maidenhead QGIS code revision 2df9655469b Qt version 5.15.3 Python version 3.10.12 GDAL/OGR version 3.4.1 PROJ version 8.2.1 EPSG Registry database version v10.098 (2023-11-24) Compiled against GEOS 3.10.2-CAPI-1.16.0 Running against GEOS 3.12.1-CAPI-1.18.1 SQLite version 3.37.2 Compiled against PDAL 2.3.0 Running against PDAL 2.5.0 PostgreSQL client version 14.11 (Ubuntu 14.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) SpatiaLite version 5.0.1 QWT version 6.1.4 QScintilla2 version 2.11.6 OS version Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS

Supported QGIS version

[X] I'm running a supported QGIS version according to the roadmap.

New profile

[ ] I tried with a new QGIS profile

Additional context

I understand this is somehow part of #48685, but that thread has become such a mixture of things (which I only partially understand) that I open a new one here for QGIS 3.36.3 in the hope of someone indicating the solution.

qgis / QGIS