refresh-bio / vclust

Fast and accurate tool for calculating Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and clustering virus genomes and metagenomes
GNU General Public License v3.0
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average-nucleotide-identity bacteriophages clustering dereplication genome-sequence sequence-similarity taxonomic-classification viruses

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Vclust is an alignment-based tool for fast and accurate calculation of Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) between complete or metagenomically-assembled viral genomes. The tool also performs ANI-based clustering of genomes according to standards recommended by international virus consortia, including International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and Minimum Information about an Uncultivated Virus Genome (MIUViG).

Features

:gem: Accurate ANI calculations

Vclust uses a Lempel-Ziv-based pairwise sequence aligner (LZ-ANI) for ANI calculation. LZ-ANI achieves high sensitivity in detecting matched and mismatched nucleotides, ensuring accurate ANI determination. Its efficiency comes from a simplified indel handling model, making LZ-ANI magnitudes faster than alignment-based tools (e.g., BLASTn, MegaBLAST) while maintaining comparable accuracy to the most sensitive BLASTn searches.

:triangular_ruler: Multiple similarity measures

Vclust offers multiple similarity measures between two genome sequences:

:star2: Multiple clustering algorithms

Vclust provides six clustering algorithms tailored to various scenarios, including taxonomic classification and dereplication of viral genomes.

:fire: Speed and efficiency

Vclust uses three efficient C++ tools - Kmer-db, LZ-ANI, Clusty - for prefiltering, aligning, calculating ANI, and clustering viral genomes. This combination enables the processing of millions of virus genomes within a few hours on a mid-range workstation.

:earth_americas: Web service

For datasets containing up to 1000 viral genomes, Vclust is available at http://www.vclust.org.

Quick start

# Install Vclust (requires Python >= 3.7)
pip install vclust

# Prefilter similar genome sequence pairs before conducting pairwise alignments.
vclust prefilter -i example/multifasta.fna -o fltr.txt

# Align similar genome sequence pairs and calculate pairwise ANI measures.
vclust align -i example/multifasta.fna -o ani.tsv --filter fltr.txt

# Cluster genome sequences based on given ANI measure and minimum threshold.
vclust cluster -i ani.tsv -o clusters.tsv --ids ani.ids.tsv --metric ani --ani 0.95

Documentation

The Vclust documentation is available on the GitHub Wiki and includes the following sections:

  1. Features
  2. Installation
  3. Quick Start
  4. Usage
    1. Input data
    2. Prefilter
    3. Align
    4. Cluster
  5. Optimizing sensitivity and resource usage
  6. Use cases
    1. Classify viruses into species and genera following ICTV standards
    2. Assign viral contigs into vOTUs following MIUViG standards
    3. Dereplicate viral contigs into representative genomes
    4. Calculate pairwise similarities between all-versus-all genomes
    5. Process large dataset of diverse virus genomes (IMG/VR)
    6. Process large dataset of highly redundant virus genomes
    7. Cluster plasmid genomes into pOTUs
  7. FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

Citation

Zielezinski A, Gudyś A, Barylski J, Siminski K, Rozwalak P, Dutilh BE, Deorowicz S. Ultrafast and accurate sequence alignment and clustering of viral genomes. bioRxiv [doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.601020].

License

GNU General Public License, version 3