remindmodel / remind

REMIND - REgional Model of INvestments and Development
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Limits on upscaling for enhanced weathering #1863

Closed tabeado closed 1 month ago

tabeado commented 1 month ago

Purpose of this PR

This PR adds two constraints for the upscaling of enhanced weathering:

(1) Short term limit for rock spreading: Spreading of rock for EW is set to 0 until 2025, and the 2030 time step was left largely unconstrained. Now, _q33_EW_ShortTermBound limits the maximum amount of rock spread per year in 2030 (aggregate across climate and transport grades). cm_33_EW_shortTermLimit_ defines the share of the total rock-on-field capacity of each region that is assumed possible to be used already in 2030. In default, cm_33_EW_shortTermLimit is set to 0.005, i.e. in 2030 it is assumed that rocks are spread on maximum 0.5% of fields.

(2) explicit maximum upscaling rate for rock spreading: The current parametrization assumes the use of existing infrastructure. Thus, the CAPEX for mining, grinding, and spreading are so low that the adjustment cost do not constrain upscaling. This leads to very high upscaling rates of >50% per year in some regions. At the scales reached, the use of existing infrastructure is not realistic in many regions. We want to update the parametrization of cost (see issue 329). However, there is no easily accessible data such that a cost-based adjustment cannot be made short term. In the meantime, we thus implement _q33_EW_upscaling_rate_ that limits the upscaling of total annual rock spreading (v33_EW_onfield) based on ah explicitly set maximum upscaling rate. The maximum annual rate can be changed through _cm_33_EWupScalingRateLimit. The default is 20%

Through these two changes, enhanced weathering in PB650 runs scales up later and slower, but to approximately the same level.

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