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Generate declensions and conjugations based upon words in MW1899 dictionary.
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nominals ending in 'aYc', etc. and declension #38

Open funderburkjim opened 5 years ago

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

There are 50+ entries from MW which are adjectives of direction, coming from root aYc (añc) with meaning 'to go'. (There is another similarly spelled root meaning 'to worship', and according to Kale , p. 64-5, compounds formed with this meaning are differently declined. From checking the senses of the nominals ending in aYc in MW, I found that they all are with the 'to go' sense. Thus, the rules regarding declension in the current work always are based on the 'to go' sense of the suffix.)

The declension models for these entries are named m_aYc, n_aYc, and f_aYc_I (the feminines forms always end in long vowel 'I', and are declined like 'nadI').

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

list of endings

The declension algorithm can be based on the last pada as it is presented in lexnorm-all2. Adjustments have been made to the 'key2' form in lexnorm-all2 so that in all cases this last pada is one of the following (as per file inputs/nominals/data_aYc.py):

yaYc IcI
vaYc UcI
tiryaYc tiraScI
daYc dIcI
AYc AcI
gavAYc gocI
prAYc prAcI
uruvyaYc urUcI

To understand this list, consider pratyaYc ('turned towards'). From the entry in lexnorm-all2 is: 133872 pratyaYc prat-yaYc m:f:n, the last pada is yaYc. From the file above, the last pada of the feminine form is 'IcI'. These two pieces of information allow us to form the declension, as will be described next.

Incidentally, the feminine form is derived by replacing the last pada with the feminine ending. For example, pratIcI.

The irregular feminine forms for gavAYc and uruvyaYc are taken from MW's entries.

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

endings for m_aYc model

Case S D P
Nominative N YcO YcaH
Accusative Ycam YcO caH
nstrumental cA gByAm gBiH
Dative ce gByAm gByaH
Ablative caH gByAm gByaH
Genitive caH coH cAm
Locative ci coH kzu
Vocative N YcO YcaH

endings for the n_aYc model

Case S D P
Nominative k cI Yci
ccusative k cI Yci
Instrumental cA gByAm gBiH
Dative ce gByAm gByaH
blative caH gByAm gByaH
Genitive caH coH cAm
Locative ci coH kzu
Vocative k cI Yci
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Formation of two bases

There are two slightly different bases required to form the declensions using the above endings in the masculine and neuter.

base for endings the begin with 'c'

This so-called 'weak' base is formed from the feminine:

base for other endings

This so-called 'strong' base is formed by dropping the ending 'Yc' from the last pada.

Example: last pada = 'yaYc' . corresponding feminine ending 'IcI' weak base: I strong base: ya

Example: last pada = 'vaYc', corresponding feminine ending 'UcI' weak base: U strong base: va

Example: last pada = 'AYc'. corresponding feminine ending 'AcI' weak base: A strong base: A

Note on weak/strong terminology

The usual descriptions of the declensions of the adjectives of direction (such as in Deshpande, Kale), use three bases, which are called strong, middle, and weak. These are different from the terms above. However, our weak base combines the the same endings classified as weak in the standard description, and our strong base combines with the combined strong and middle endings of the standard description.

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Example pratyaYc in m_aYc model

prat-yaYc` is the pada designation.

Case S D P
Nominative pratya + N = pratyaN pratya + YcO = pratyaYcO pratya + YcaH = pratyaYcaH
Accusative pratya + Ycam = pratyaYcam pratya + YcO = pratyaYcO pratI + caH = pratIcaH
Instrumental pratI + cA = pratIcA pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gBiH = pratyagBiH
Dative pratI + ce = pratIce pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gByaH = pratyagByaH
Ablative pratI + caH = pratIcaH pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gByaH = pratyagByaH
Genitive pratI + caH = pratIcaH pratI + coH = pratIcoH pratI + cAm = pratIcAm
Locative pratI + ci = pratIci pratI + coH = pratIcoH pratya + kzu = pratyakzu
Vocative pratya + N = pratyaN pratya + YcO = pratyaYcO pratya + YcaH = pratyaYcaH
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Example vizvaYc with m_aYc model

'viz-vaYc' is the pada designation

Case S D P
Nominative vizva + N = vizvaN vizva + YcO = vizvaYcO vizva + YcaH = vizvaYcaH
Accusative vizva + Ycam = vizvaYcam vizva + YcO = vizvaYcO vizU + caH = vizUcaH
Instrumental vizU + cA = vizUcA vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gBiH = vizvagBiH
Dative vizU + ce = vizUce vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gByaH = vizvagByaH
Ablative vizU + caH = vizUcaH vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gByaH = vizvagByaH
Genitive vizU + caH = vizUcaH vizU + coH = vizUcoH vizU + cAm = vizUcAm
Locative vizU + ci = vizUci vizU + coH = vizUcoH vizva + kzu = vizvakzu
Vocative vizva + N = vizvaN vizva + YcO = vizvaYcO vizva + YcaH = vizvaYcaH
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Example prAYc with the m_aYc model

Case S D P
Nominative prA + N = prAN prA + YcO = prAYcO prA + YcaH = prAYcaH
Accusative prA + Ycam = prAYcam prA + YcO = prAYcO prA + caH = prAcaH
Instrumental prA + cA = prAcA prA + gByAm = prAgByAm prA + gBiH = prAgBiH
Dative prA + ce = prAce prA + gByAm = prAgByAm prA + gByaH = prAgByaH
Ablative prA + caH = prAcaH prA + gByAm = prAgByAm prA + gByaH = prAgByaH
Genitive prA + caH = prAcaH prA + coH = prAcoH prA + cAm = prAcAm
Locative prA + ci = prAci prA + coH = prAcoH prA + kzu = prAkzu
Vocative prA + N = prAN prA + YcO = prAYcO prA + YcaH = prAYcaH
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Example tiryaYc in the m_aYc model

'tiryaYc' is the pada designation.

Case S D P
Nominative tirya + N = tiryaN tirya + YcO = tiryaYcO tirya + YcaH = tiryaYcaH
Accusative tirya + Ycam = tiryaYcam tirya + YcO = tiryaYcO tiraS + caH = tiraScaH
Instrumental tiraS + cA = tiraScA tirya + gByAm = tiryagByAm tirya + gBiH = tiryagBiH
Dative tiraS + ce = tiraSce tirya + gByAm = tiryagByAm tirya + gByaH = tiryagByaH
Ablative tiraS + caH = tiraScaH tirya + gByAm = tiryagByAm tirya + gByaH = tiryagByaH
Genitive tiraS + caH = tiraScaH tiraS + coH = tiraScoH tiraS + cAm = tiraScAm
Locative tiraS + ci = tiraSci tiraS + coH = tiraScoH tirya + kzu = tiryakzu
Vocative tirya + N = tiryaN tirya + YcO = tiryaYcO tirya + YcaH = tiryaYcaH
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Example pratyaYc in the n_aYc model

'prat-yaYc' is the pada designation

Case S D P
Nominative pratya + k = pratyak pratI + cI = pratIcI pratya + Yci = pratyaYci
Accusative pratya + k = pratyak pratI + cI = pratIcI pratya + Yci = pratyaYci
Instrumental pratI + cA = pratIcA pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gBiH = pratyagBiH
Dative pratI + ce = pratIce pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gByaH = pratyagByaH
Ablative pratI + caH = pratIcaH pratya + gByAm = pratyagByAm pratya + gByaH = pratyagByaH
Genitive pratI + caH = pratIcaH pratI + coH = pratIcoH pratI + cAm = pratIcAm
Locative pratI + ci = pratIci pratI + coH = pratIcoH pratya + kzu = pratyakzu
Vocative pratya + k = pratyak pratI + cI = pratIcI pratya + Yci = pratyaYci
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

example vizvaYc in the n_aYc model

'viz-vaYc' is the pada designation.

Case S D P
Nominative vizva + k = vizvak vizU + cI = vizUcI vizva + Yci = vizvaYci
Accusative vizva + k = vizvak vizU + cI = vizUcI vizva + Yci = vizvaYci
Instrumental vizU + cA = vizUcA vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gBiH = vizvagBiH
Dative vizU + ce = vizUce vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gByaH = vizvagByaH
Ablative vizU + caH = vizUcaH vizva + gByAm = vizvagByAm vizva + gByaH = vizvagByaH
Genitive vizU + caH = vizUcaH vizU + coH = vizUcoH vizU + cAm = vizUcAm
Locative vizU + ci = vizUci vizU + coH = vizUcoH vizva + kzu = vizvakzu
Vocative vizva + k = vizvak vizU + cI = vizUcI vizva + Yci = vizvaYci
funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

comment on spelling

These adjectives of direction are generally spelled in MW with the palatal nasal as the penultimate character (pratyaYc). However, it is also common to see the citation form without this nasal (pratyac), for example in Deshpande.

It is also true that there are very small number of cases in MW where the citation form does not have the penultimate nasal: udac as well as udaYc are citation forms in MW. dakziRApratyac, devadryac

In these cases, the declension algorithm performs a preliminary step of changing the final 'ac' to 'aYc' . For example, devadr-yac is changed to devadr-yaYc, whose declension is calculated as described above, and this is taken to be the declension of the original citation devadryac.