webkit2gtk-4.0: this API version uses GTK 3 and libsoup 2. It is obsolete and users should immediately port to webkit2gtk-4.1. To get this with WebKitGTK 2.40, build with -DPORT=GTK -DUSE_SOUP2=ON.
webkit2gtk-4.1: this API version uses GTK 3 and libsoup 3. It contains no other changes from webkit2gtk-4.0 besides the libsoup version. With WebKitGTK 2.40, this is the default API version that you get when you build with -DPORT=GTK. (In 2.42, this might require a different flag, e.g. -DUSE_GTK3=ON, which does not exist yet.)
webkitgtk-6.0: this API version uses GTK 4 and libsoup 3. To get this with WebKitGTK 2.40, build with -DPORT=GTK -DUSE_GTK4=ON. (In 2.42, this might become the default API version.)
From https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2023/03/21/webkitgtk-api-for-gtk-4-is-now-stable/: