Replace `debug` with `tslog`

[steabert]

The debug package still relies on CommonJS (either itself or in its dependencies), which causes issues when generating ESM for e.g. Node.js.

We should replace it with either a custom logger or e.g. tslog:

• [ ] extract debug logs so that we only use our own wrapper functions for logging
• [ ] in the wrapper function, use console or tslog to do the actual logging
• [ ] look into a way to control logging level from localStorage (and listen to changes to modify on the fly)

Solves #990