Update docker-in-docker script for CodeSpaces

[mboersma]

Description

Updates the Docker-in-Docker setup script from the vscode-dev-containers project to fix a bug running CodeSpaces in local VS Code.

Fixes #154

History Notes

Update docker-in-docker script for CodeSpaces

---

This checklist is used to make sure that common guidelines for an Azure CLI pull request are followed.

• [x] The PR title and description has followed the guideline in Submitting Pull Requests.
• [x] I adhere to the Command Guidelines.
• [x] I adhere to the Error Handling Guidelines.