DefaultProfile / AzContext cannot be set in threadsafe manner

[MattKotsenas]

Description

Az cmdlets all take a -DefaultProfile or -AzContext parameter to allow operating against a specific subscription. These parameters take an IAzureContextContainter, which can be retrieved from Get-AzContext.

Using either of these parameters allows a user to avoid changing the default context (i.e. without calling Set-AzContext). However, there are two scenarios for us that both cause subscriptions to be missing from the list of contexts:

1. If the user has more than 25 subscriptions and has never used a particular subscription before
2. If the user logs in with the -SkipContextPopulation switch

In either of these cases it is impossible to create an IAzureContextContainer without changing the default context, which is a process-wide or user-wide setting, and so changing it can break multi-threaded scenarios.

Steps to reproduce

# Step 1: Clear existing contexts (not needed in our scenario; just to make the
# issue easier to reproduce)
Clear-AzConext

# Step 2: Log in (in this case using `-SkipContextPopulation` to make the repro
# easier; in our case the user recently logged in and has more than 25 subscriptions)
Add-AzAccount -SkipContextPopulation

# Step 3: View the current list of contexts
Get-AzContext -ListAvailable

# Step 4: Lookup a subscription not in the list of contexts
$s = Get-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId <list your subscription id here>

# Step 5: Note that $s is of type
# Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Profile.Models.PSAzureSubscription
$s | Get-Member

# Note that there's no way to convert this object to
# Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Common.Authentication.Abstractions.Core.IAzureContextContainer
# without calling Set-AzContext

# The best we can do is to limit changing the default to the current process, but
# this still breaks multi-threaded scenarios
$s | Set-AzContext -Scope Process

Environment data

Name                           Value
----                           -----
PSVersion                      5.1.18362.145
PSEdition                      Desktop
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion                   10.0.18362.145
CLRVersion                     4.0.30319.42000
WSManStackVersion              3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.3
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1

Module versions

    Directory: C:\Users\mattkot\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules

ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands                                                                                                                                                                    
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------                                                                                                                                                                    
Script     1.6.4      Az.Accounts                         {Disable-AzDataCollection, Disable-AzContextAutosave, Enable-AzDataCollection, Enable-AzContextAutosave...}                                                                         
Script     1.1.0      Az.Advisor                          {Get-AzAdvisorRecommendation, Enable-AzAdvisorRecommendation, Disable-AzAdvisorRecommendation, Get-AzAdvisorConfiguration...}                                                       
Script     1.0.2      Az.Aks                              {Get-AzAks, New-AzAks, Remove-AzAks, Import-AzAksCredential...}                                                                                                                     
Script     1.1.1      Az.AnalysisServices                 {Resume-AzAnalysisServicesServer, Suspend-AzAnalysisServicesServer, Get-AzAnalysisServicesServer, Remove-AzAnalysisServicesServer...}                                               
Script     1.3.2      Az.ApiManagement                    {Add-AzApiManagementApiToProduct, Add-AzApiManagementProductToGroup, Add-AzApiManagementRegion, Add-AzApiManagementUserToGroup...}                                                  
Script     1.0.2      Az.ApplicationInsights              {Get-AzApplicationInsights, New-AzApplicationInsights, Remove-AzApplicationInsights, Set-AzApplicationInsightsPricingPlan...}                                                       
Script     1.3.4      Az.Automation                       {Get-AzAutomationHybridWorkerGroup, Remove-AzAutomationHybridWorkerGroup, Get-AzAutomationJobOutputRecord, Import-AzAutomationDscNodeConfiguration...}                              
Script     2.0.1      Az.Batch                            {Remove-AzBatchAccount, Get-AzBatchAccount, Get-AzBatchAccountKey, New-AzBatchAccount...}                                                                                           
Script     1.0.1      Az.Billing                          {Get-AzBillingInvoice, Get-AzBillingPeriod, Get-AzEnrollmentAccount, Get-AzConsumptionBudget...}                                                                                    
Script     1.4.0      Az.Cdn                              {Get-AzCdnProfile, Get-AzCdnProfileSsoUrl, New-AzCdnProfile, Remove-AzCdnProfile...}                                                                                                
Script     1.2.1      Az.CognitiveServices                {Get-AzCognitiveServicesAccount, Get-AzCognitiveServicesAccountKey, Get-AzCognitiveServicesAccountSku, Get-AzCognitiveServicesAccountType...}                                       
Script     3.0.0      Az.Compute                          {Remove-AzAvailabilitySet, Get-AzAvailabilitySet, New-AzAvailabilitySet, Update-AzAvailabilitySet...}                                                                               
Script     1.0.1      Az.ContainerInstance                {New-AzContainerGroup, Get-AzContainerGroup, Remove-AzContainerGroup, Get-AzContainerInstanceLog}                                                                                   
Script     1.1.0      Az.ContainerRegistry                {New-AzContainerRegistry, Get-AzContainerRegistry, Update-AzContainerRegistry, Remove-AzContainerRegistry...}                                                                       
Script     1.4.1      Az.DataFactory                      {Set-AzDataFactoryV2, Update-AzDataFactoryV2, Get-AzDataFactoryV2, Remove-AzDataFactoryV2...}                                                                                       
Script     1.0.1      Az.DataLakeAnalytics                {Get-AzDataLakeAnalyticsDataSource, New-AzDataLakeAnalyticsCatalogCredential, Remove-AzDataLakeAnalyticsCatalogCredential, Set-AzDataLakeAnalyticsCatalogCredential...}             
Script     1.2.4      Az.DataLakeStore                    {Get-AzDataLakeStoreTrustedIdProvider, Remove-AzDataLakeStoreTrustedIdProvider, Remove-AzDataLakeStoreFirewallRule, Set-AzDataLakeStoreTrustedIdProvider...}                        
Script     1.0.1      Az.DeploymentManager                {Get-AzDeploymentManagerArtifactSource, New-AzDeploymentManagerArtifactSource, Set-AzDeploymentManagerArtifactSource, Remove-AzDeploymentManagerArtifactSource...}                  
Script     1.0.0      Az.DevTestLabs                      {Get-AzDtlAllowedVMSizesPolicy, Get-AzDtlAutoShutdownPolicy, Get-AzDtlAutoStartPolicy, Get-AzDtlVMsPerLabPolicy...}                                                                 
Script     1.1.1      Az.Dns                              {Get-AzDnsRecordSet, New-AzDnsRecordConfig, Remove-AzDnsRecordSet, Set-AzDnsRecordSet...}                                                                                           
Script     1.2.2      Az.EventGrid                        {New-AzEventGridTopic, Get-AzEventGridTopic, Set-AzEventGridTopic, New-AzEventGridTopicKey...}                                                                                      
Script     1.4.0      Az.EventHub                         {New-AzEventHubNamespace, Get-AzEventHubNamespace, Set-AzEventHubNamespace, Remove-AzEventHubNamespace...}                                                                          
Script     1.1.2      Az.FrontDoor                        {New-AzFrontDoor, Get-AzFrontDoor, Set-AzFrontDoor, Remove-AzFrontDoor...}                                                                                                          
Script     3.0.0      Az.HDInsight                        {Get-AzHDInsightJob, New-AzHDInsightSqoopJobDefinition, Wait-AzHDInsightJob, New-AzHDInsightStreamingMapReduceJobDefinition...}                                                     
Script     1.0.0      Az.HealthcareApis                   {New-AzHealthcareApisService, Remove-AzHealthcareApisService, Set-AzHealthcareApisService, Get-AzHealthcareApisService}                                                             
Script     2.0.0      Az.IotHub                           {Add-AzIotHubKey, Get-AzIotHubEventHubConsumerGroup, Get-AzIotHubConnectionString, Get-AzIotHubJob...}                                                                              
Script     1.3.1      Az.KeyVault                         {Add-AzKeyVaultCertificate, Update-AzKeyVaultCertificate, Stop-AzKeyVaultCertificateOperation, Get-AzKeyVaultCertificateOperation...}                                               
Script     1.3.1      Az.LogicApp                         {Get-AzIntegrationAccountAgreement, Get-AzIntegrationAccountAssembly, Get-AzIntegrationAccountBatchConfiguration, Get-AzIntegrationAccountCallbackUrl...}                           
Script     1.1.1      Az.MachineLearning                  {Move-AzMlCommitmentAssociation, Get-AzMlCommitmentAssociation, Get-AzMlCommitmentPlanUsageHistory, Remove-AzMlCommitmentPlan...}                                                   
Script     1.0.1      Az.ManagedServices                  {Get-AzManagedServicesAssignment, New-AzManagedServicesAssignment, Remove-AzManagedServicesAssignment, Get-AzManagedServicesDefinition...}                                          
Script     1.0.1      Az.MarketplaceOrdering              {Get-AzMarketplaceTerms, Set-AzMarketplaceTerms}                                                                                                                                    
Script     1.1.0      Az.Media                            {Sync-AzMediaServiceStorageKey, Set-AzMediaServiceKey, Get-AzMediaServiceKey, Get-AzMediaServiceNameAvailability...}                                                                
Script     1.4.0      Az.Monitor                          {Get-AzMetricDefinition, Get-AzMetric, Remove-AzLogProfile, Get-AzLogProfile...}                                                                                                    
Script     2.0.0      Az.Network                          {Add-AzApplicationGatewayAuthenticationCertificate, Get-AzApplicationGatewayAuthenticationCertificate, New-AzApplicationGatewayAuthenticationCertificate, Remove-AzApplicationGat...
Script     1.1.0      Az.NotificationHubs                 {Get-AzNotificationHub, Get-AzNotificationHubAuthorizationRule, Get-AzNotificationHubListKey, Get-AzNotificationHubPNSCredential...}                                                
Script     1.3.3      Az.OperationalInsights              {New-AzOperationalInsightsAzureActivityLogDataSource, New-AzOperationalInsightsCustomLogDataSource, Disable-AzOperationalInsightsLinuxCustomLogCollection, Disable-AzOperationalI...
Script     1.1.3      Az.PolicyInsights                   {Get-AzPolicyEvent, Get-AzPolicyState, Get-AzPolicyStateSummary, Get-AzPolicyRemediation...}                                                                                        
Script     1.1.0      Az.PowerBIEmbedded                  {Remove-AzPowerBIWorkspaceCollection, Get-AzPowerBIWorkspaceCollection, Get-AzPowerBIWorkspaceCollectionAccessKey, Get-AzPowerBIWorkspace...}                                       
Script     1.0.0      Az.PrivateDns                       {Get-AzPrivateDnsZone, Remove-AzPrivateDnsZone, Set-AzPrivateDnsZone, New-AzPrivateDnsZone...}                                                                                      
Script     2.0.1      Az.RecoveryServices                 {Get-AzRecoveryServicesBackupProperty, Get-AzRecoveryServicesVault, Get-AzRecoveryServicesVaultSettingsFile, New-AzRecoveryServicesVault...}                                        
Script     1.1.1      Az.RedisCache                       {Remove-AzRedisCachePatchSchedule, New-AzRedisCacheScheduleEntry, Get-AzRedisCachePatchSchedule, New-AzRedisCachePatchSchedule...}                                                  
Script     1.0.2      Az.Relay                            {New-AzRelayNamespace, Get-AzRelayNamespace, Set-AzRelayNamespace, Remove-AzRelayNamespace...}                                                                                      
Script     1.7.1      Az.Resources                        {Get-AzProviderOperation, Remove-AzRoleAssignment, Get-AzRoleAssignment, New-AzRoleAssignment...}                                                                                   
Script     1.4.0      Az.ServiceBus                       {New-AzServiceBusNamespace, Get-AzServiceBusNamespace, Set-AzServiceBusNamespace, Remove-AzServiceBusNamespace...}                                                                  
Script     2.0.0      Az.ServiceFabric                    {Add-AzServiceFabricClientCertificate, Add-AzServiceFabricClusterCertificate, Add-AzServiceFabricNode, Add-AzServiceFabricNodeType...}                                              
Script     1.1.0      Az.SignalR                          {New-AzSignalR, Get-AzSignalR, Get-AzSignalRKey, New-AzSignalRKey...}                                                                                                               
Script     2.0.0      Az.Sql                              {Get-AzSqlDatabaseTransparentDataEncryption, Get-AzSqlDatabaseTransparentDataEncryptionActivity, Set-AzSqlDatabaseTransparentDataEncryption, Get-AzSqlDatabaseUpgradeHint...}       
Script     1.9.0      Az.Storage                          {Get-AzStorageAccount, Get-AzStorageAccountKey, New-AzStorageAccount, New-AzStorageAccountKey...}                                                                                   
Script     1.2.1      Az.StorageSync                      {Invoke-AzStorageSyncCompatibilityCheck, New-AzStorageSyncService, Get-AzStorageSyncService, Remove-AzStorageSyncService...}                                                        
Script     1.0.0      Az.StreamAnalytics                  {Get-AzStreamAnalyticsFunction, Get-AzStreamAnalyticsDefaultFunctionDefinition, New-AzStreamAnalyticsFunction, Remove-AzStreamAnalyticsFunction...}                                 
Script     1.0.2      Az.TrafficManager                   {Add-AzTrafficManagerCustomHeaderToEndpoint, Remove-AzTrafficManagerCustomHeaderFromEndpoint, Add-AzTrafficManagerCustomHeaderToProfile, Remove-AzTrafficManagerCustomHeaderFromP...
Script     1.5.0      Az.Websites                         {Get-AzAppServicePlan, Set-AzAppServicePlan, New-AzAppServicePlan, Remove-AzAppServicePlan...}                                                                                      
Script     2.0.332    oh-my-posh                          {Show-Colors, Show-ThemeColors, Show-ThemeSymbols, Get-Theme...}                                                                                                                    
Script     0.7.3      posh-git                            {Invoke-NullCoalescing, Add-PoshGitToProfile, Get-PromptPath, Write-GitStatus...}                                                                                                   

    Directory: C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules

ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands                                                                                                                                                                    
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------                                                                                                                                                                    
Script     1.0.1      Microsoft.PowerShell.Operation.V... {Get-OperationValidation, Invoke-OperationValidation}                                                                                                                               
Binary     1.0.0.1    PackageManagement                   {Find-Package, Get-Package, Get-PackageProvider, Get-PackageSource...}                                                                                                              
Script     3.4.0      Pester                              {Describe, Context, It, Should...}                                                                                                                                                  
Script     1.0.0.1    PowerShellGet                       {Install-Module, Find-Module, Save-Module, Update-Module...}                                                                                                                        
Script     2.0.0      PSReadline                          {Get-PSReadLineKeyHandler, Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler, Remove-PSReadLineKeyHandler, Get-PSReadLineOption...}                                                                          

    Directory: C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules

ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands                                                                                                                                                                    
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------                                                                                                                                                                    
Manifest   1.0.0.0    AppBackgroundTask                   {Disable-AppBackgroundTaskDiagnosticLog, Enable-AppBackgroundTaskDiagnosticLog, Set-AppBackgroundTaskResourcePolicy, Unregister-AppBackgroundTask...}                               
Manifest   2.0.0.0    AppLocker                           {Get-AppLockerFileInformation, Get-AppLockerPolicy, New-AppLockerPolicy, Set-AppLockerPolicy...}                                                                                    
Manifest   1.0.0.0    AppvClient                          {Add-AppvClientConnectionGroup, Add-AppvClientPackage, Add-AppvPublishingServer, Disable-Appv...}                                                                                   
Manifest   2.0.1.0    Appx                                {Add-AppxPackage, Get-AppxPackage, Get-AppxPackageManifest, Remove-AppxPackage...}                                                                                                  
Script     1.0.0.0    AssignedAccess                      {Clear-AssignedAccess, Get-AssignedAccess, Set-AssignedAccess}                                                                                                                      
Manifest   1.0.0.0    BitLocker                           {Unlock-BitLocker, Suspend-BitLocker, Resume-BitLocker, Remove-BitLockerKeyProtector...}                                                                                            
Manifest   2.0.0.0    BitsTransfer                        {Add-BitsFile, Complete-BitsTransfer, Get-BitsTransfer, Remove-BitsTransfer...}                                                                                                     
Manifest   1.0.0.0    BranchCache                         {Add-BCDataCacheExtension, Clear-BCCache, Disable-BC, Disable-BCDowngrading...}                                                                                                     
Manifest   1.0.0.0    CimCmdlets                          {Get-CimAssociatedInstance, Get-CimClass, Get-CimInstance, Get-CimSession...}                                                                                                       
Manifest   1.0        ConfigCI                            {Get-SystemDriver, New-CIPolicyRule, New-CIPolicy, Get-CIPolicy...}                                                                                                                 
Manifest   1.0        ConfigDefender                      {Get-MpPreference, Set-MpPreference, Add-MpPreference, Remove-MpPreference...}                                                                                                      
Manifest   1.0        Defender                            {Get-MpPreference, Set-MpPreference, Add-MpPreference, Remove-MpPreference...}                                                                                                      
Manifest   1.0.2.0    DeliveryOptimization                {Delete-DeliveryOptimizationCache, Get-DeliveryOptimizationStatus, Set-DeliveryOptimizationStatus, Get-DeliveryOptimizationPerfSnap...}                                             
Manifest   1.0.0.0    DirectAccessClientComponents        {Disable-DAManualEntryPointSelection, Enable-DAManualEntryPointSelection, Get-DAClientExperienceConfiguration, Get-DAEntryPointTableItem...}                                        
Script     3.0        Dism                                {Add-AppxProvisionedPackage, Add-WindowsDriver, Add-WindowsCapability, Add-WindowsImage...}                                                                                         
Manifest   1.0.0.0    DnsClient                           {Resolve-DnsName, Clear-DnsClientCache, Get-DnsClient, Get-DnsClientCache...}                                                                                                       
Manifest   1.0.0.0    EventTracingManagement              {Start-EtwTraceSession, New-EtwTraceSession, Get-EtwTraceSession, Update-EtwTraceSession...}                                                                                        
Manifest   1.0.0.0    HgsClient                           {Get-HgsAttestationBaselinePolicy, Get-HgsClientConfiguration, Test-HgsClientConfiguration, Set-HgsClientConfiguration...}                                                          
Manifest   1.0.0.0    HgsDiagnostics                      {New-HgsTraceTarget, Get-HgsTrace, Get-HgsTraceFileData, Test-HgsTraceTarget}                                                                                                       
Binary     1.0.0.0    HostComputeService                  {Get-ComputeProcess, Stop-ComputeProcess}                                                                                                                                           
Manifest   1.0.0.1    HostNetworkingService               {Remove-HnsNamespace, Remove-HnsEndpoint, Get-HnsEndpoint, Get-HnsNamespace...}                                                                                                     
Binary     2.0.0.0    Hyper-V                             {Add-VMAssignableDevice, Add-VMDvdDrive, Add-VMFibreChannelHba, Add-VMGpuPartitionAdapter...}                                                                                       
Binary     1.1        Hyper-V                             {Add-VMDvdDrive, Add-VMFibreChannelHba, Add-VMHardDiskDrive, Add-VMMigrationNetwork...}                                                                                             
Manifest   2.0.0.0    International                       {Get-WinDefaultInputMethodOverride, Set-WinDefaultInputMethodOverride, Get-WinHomeLocation, Set-WinHomeLocation...}                                                                 
Manifest   1.0.0.0    iSCSI                               {Get-IscsiTargetPortal, New-IscsiTargetPortal, Remove-IscsiTargetPortal, Update-IscsiTargetPortal...}                                                                               
Script     1.0.0.0    ISE                                 {New-IseSnippet, Import-IseSnippet, Get-IseSnippet}                                                                                                                                 
Manifest   1.0.0.0    Kds                                 {Add-KdsRootKey, Get-KdsRootKey, Test-KdsRootKey, Set-KdsConfiguration...}                                                                                                          
Manifest   1.0.1.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive        {Compress-Archive, Expand-Archive}                                                                                                                                                  
Manifest   3.0.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics    {Get-WinEvent, Get-Counter, Import-Counter, Export-Counter...}                                                                                                                      
Manifest   3.0.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Host           {Start-Transcript, Stop-Transcript}                                                                                                                                                 
Manifest   1.0.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.LocalAccounts  {Add-LocalGroupMember, Disable-LocalUser, Enable-LocalUser, Get-LocalGroup...}                                                                                                      
Manifest   3.1.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Management     {Add-Content, Clear-Content, Clear-ItemProperty, Join-Path...}                                                                                                                      
Script     1.0        Microsoft.PowerShell.ODataUtils     Export-ODataEndpointProxy                                                                                                                                                           
Manifest   3.0.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Security       {Get-Acl, Set-Acl, Get-PfxCertificate, Get-Credential...}                                                                                                                           
Manifest   3.1.0.0    Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility        {Format-List, Format-Custom, Format-Table, Format-Wide...}                                                                                                                          
Manifest   3.0.0.0    Microsoft.WSMan.Management          {Disable-WSManCredSSP, Enable-WSManCredSSP, Get-WSManCredSSP, Set-WSManQuickConfig...}                                                                                              
Manifest   1.0        MMAgent                             {Disable-MMAgent, Enable-MMAgent, Set-MMAgent, Get-MMAgent...}                                                                                                                      
Manifest   1.0.0.0    MsDtc                               {New-DtcDiagnosticTransaction, Complete-DtcDiagnosticTransaction, Join-DtcDiagnosticResourceManager, Receive-DtcDiagnosticTransaction...}                                           
Manifest   2.0.0.0    NetAdapter                          {Disable-NetAdapter, Disable-NetAdapterBinding, Disable-NetAdapterChecksumOffload, Disable-NetAdapterEncapsulatedPacketTaskOffload...}                                              
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetConnection                       {Get-NetConnectionProfile, Set-NetConnectionProfile}                                                                                                                                
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetDiagnostics                      Get-NetView                                                                                                                                                                         
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetEventPacketCapture               {New-NetEventSession, Remove-NetEventSession, Get-NetEventSession, Set-NetEventSession...}                                                                                          
Manifest   2.0.0.0    NetLbfo                             {Add-NetLbfoTeamMember, Add-NetLbfoTeamNic, Get-NetLbfoTeam, Get-NetLbfoTeamMember...}                                                                                              
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetNat                              {Get-NetNat, Get-NetNatExternalAddress, Get-NetNatStaticMapping, Get-NetNatSession...}                                                                                              
Manifest   2.0.0.0    NetQos                              {Get-NetQosPolicy, Set-NetQosPolicy, Remove-NetQosPolicy, New-NetQosPolicy}                                                                                                         
Manifest   2.0.0.0    NetSecurity                         {Get-DAPolicyChange, New-NetIPsecAuthProposal, New-NetIPsecMainModeCryptoProposal, New-NetIPsecQuickModeCryptoProposal...}                                                          
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetSwitchTeam                       {New-NetSwitchTeam, Remove-NetSwitchTeam, Get-NetSwitchTeam, Rename-NetSwitchTeam...}                                                                                               
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetTCPIP                            {Get-NetIPAddress, Get-NetIPInterface, Get-NetIPv4Protocol, Get-NetIPv6Protocol...}                                                                                                 
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetworkConnectivityStatus           {Get-DAConnectionStatus, Get-NCSIPolicyConfiguration, Reset-NCSIPolicyConfiguration, Set-NCSIPolicyConfiguration}                                                                   
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetworkSwitchManager                {Disable-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Enable-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Get-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Remove-NetworkSwitchEthernetPortIPAddress...}                                  
Manifest   1.0.0.0    NetworkTransition                   {Add-NetIPHttpsCertBinding, Disable-NetDnsTransitionConfiguration, Disable-NetIPHttpsProfile, Disable-NetNatTransitionConfiguration...}                                             
Manifest   1.0.0.0    PcsvDevice                          {Get-PcsvDevice, Start-PcsvDevice, Stop-PcsvDevice, Restart-PcsvDevice...}                                                                                                          
Binary     1.0.0.0    PersistentMemory                    {Get-PmemDisk, Get-PmemPhysicalDevice, Get-PmemUnusedRegion, New-PmemDisk...}                                                                                                       
Manifest   1.0.0.0    PKI                                 {Add-CertificateEnrollmentPolicyServer, Export-Certificate, Export-PfxCertificate, Get-CertificateAutoEnrollmentPolicy...}                                                          
Manifest   1.0.0.0    PnpDevice                           {Get-PnpDevice, Get-PnpDeviceProperty, Enable-PnpDevice, Disable-PnpDevice}                                                                                                         
Manifest   1.1        PrintManagement                     {Add-Printer, Add-PrinterDriver, Add-PrinterPort, Get-PrintConfiguration...}                                                                                                        
Binary     1.0.11     ProcessMitigations                  {Get-ProcessMitigation, Set-ProcessMitigation, ConvertTo-ProcessMitigationPolicy}                                                                                                   
Script     3.0        Provisioning                        {Install-ProvisioningPackage, Export-ProvisioningPackage, Install-TrustedProvisioningCertificate, Export-Trace...}                                                                  
Manifest   1.1        PSDesiredStateConfiguration         {Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager, Start-DscConfiguration, Test-DscConfiguration, Publish-DscConfiguration...}                                                                      
Script     1.0.0.0    PSDiagnostics                       {Disable-PSTrace, Disable-PSWSManCombinedTrace, Disable-WSManTrace, Enable-PSTrace...}                                                                                              
Binary     1.1.0.0    PSScheduledJob                      {New-JobTrigger, Add-JobTrigger, Remove-JobTrigger, Get-JobTrigger...}                                                                                                              
Manifest   2.0.0.0    PSWorkflow                          {New-PSWorkflowExecutionOption, New-PSWorkflowSession, nwsn}                                                                                                                        
Manifest   1.0.0.0    PSWorkflowUtility                   Invoke-AsWorkflow                                                                                                                                                                   
Manifest   1.0.0.0    ScheduledTasks                      {Get-ScheduledTask, Set-ScheduledTask, Register-ScheduledTask, Unregister-ScheduledTask...}                                                                                         
Manifest   2.0.0.0    SecureBoot                          {Confirm-SecureBootUEFI, Set-SecureBootUEFI, Get-SecureBootUEFI, Format-SecureBootUEFI...}                                                                                          
Manifest   2.0.0.0    SmbShare                            {Get-SmbShare, Remove-SmbShare, Set-SmbShare, Block-SmbShareAccess...}                                                                                                              
Manifest   2.0.0.0    SmbWitness                          {Get-SmbWitnessClient, Move-SmbWitnessClient, gsmbw, msmbw...}                                                                                                                      
Manifest   1.0.0.0    StartLayout                         {Export-StartLayout, Import-StartLayout, Export-StartLayoutEdgeAssets, Get-StartApps}                                                                                               
Manifest   2.0.0.0    Storage                             {Add-InitiatorIdToMaskingSet, Add-PartitionAccessPath, Add-PhysicalDisk, Add-StorageFaultDomain...}                                                                                 
Manifest   1.0.0.0    StorageBusCache                     {Clear-StorageBusDisk, Disable-StorageBusCache, Disable-StorageBusDisk, Enable-StorageBusCache...}                                                                                  
Manifest   2.0.0.0    TLS                                 {New-TlsSessionTicketKey, Enable-TlsSessionTicketKey, Disable-TlsSessionTicketKey, Export-TlsSessionTicketKey...}                                                                   
Manifest   1.0.0.0    TroubleshootingPack                 {Get-TroubleshootingPack, Invoke-TroubleshootingPack}                                                                                                                               
Manifest   2.0.0.0    TrustedPlatformModule               {Get-Tpm, Initialize-Tpm, Clear-Tpm, Unblock-Tpm...}                                                                                                                                
Binary     2.1.639.0  UEV                                 {Clear-UevConfiguration, Clear-UevAppxPackage, Restore-UevBackup, Set-UevTemplateProfile...}                                                                                        
Manifest   2.0.0.0    VpnClient                           {Add-VpnConnection, Set-VpnConnection, Remove-VpnConnection, Get-VpnConnection...}                                                                                                  
Manifest   1.0.0.0    Wdac                                {Get-OdbcDriver, Set-OdbcDriver, Get-OdbcDsn, Add-OdbcDsn...}                                                                                                                       
Manifest   2.0.0.0    Whea                                {Get-WheaMemoryPolicy, Set-WheaMemoryPolicy}                                                                                                                                        
Manifest   1.0.0.0    WindowsDeveloperLicense             {Get-WindowsDeveloperLicense, Unregister-WindowsDeveloperLicense, Show-WindowsDeveloperLicenseRegistration}                                                                         
Script     1.0        WindowsErrorReporting               {Enable-WindowsErrorReporting, Disable-WindowsErrorReporting, Get-WindowsErrorReporting}                                                                                            
Manifest   1.0.0.0    WindowsSearch                       {Get-WindowsSearchSetting, Set-WindowsSearchSetting}                                                                                                                                
Manifest   1.0.0.0    WindowsUpdate                       Get-WindowsUpdateLog                                                                                                                                                                
Manifest   1.0.0.2    WindowsUpdateProvider               {Get-WUAVersion, Get-WULastInstallationDate, Get-WULastScanSuccessDate, Get-WUIsPendingReboot...}                                                                                   

    Directory: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Azure Information Protection\Powershell

ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands                                                                                                                                                                    
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------                                                                                                                                                                    
Binary     1.48.204.0 AzureInformationProtection          {Clear-RMSAuthentication, Get-RMSFileStatus, Get-RMSServer, Get-RMSServerAuthentication...}                                                                                         

[dingmeng-xue]

Current Azure Cmdlets have thread conflicts especially around context. Did you mean you hope to use different subscriptions/contexts in current process?

Another question, subscription id can be parameter of Set-AzContext. Is it helpful?

[MattKotsenas]

Current Azure Cmdlets have thread conflicts especially around context. Did you mean you hope to use different subscriptions/contexts in current process?

Yes. For instance, imagine a main script that calls into multiple scripts, each of which calls Azure PowerShell commands for a separate subscription. Ideally those scripts could be run in parallel, but because the are all running in the same process, if any one calls Set-AzContext, it affects the others.

Another question, subscription id can be parameter of Set-AzContext. Is it helpful?

Not in this case. The problem is that Set-AzContext has side-effects.

The problem / goal is to get a context for any subscription without needing to first call Set-AzContext.

[markcowl]

There are two issues at work here:

• The default context container is a prioperty of the AppDomain
• Set-AzContext is not selecting a context, it is actually altering an existing context. Set-AzContext uses CreateOrUpdate semantics, with the identifier for a context being the context name, so that

Set-AzContext -Subscription <sub>

changes the subscription property of the default context (potentially overwriting a different subscription)

While

Set-AzContext -Name <name> -Subscription <sub-d>

Will create a new Context if 'Name' is unique. Conversely, Get-AzContext -Name <name> will get the named context regardless of which context is selected.

The advice for multithreaded access is:

• Use the output of Connect-AzAccount as the context Container you pass into cmdlets. You can use the 'SubscriptionId' parameter of the cmdlet to have a particular context selected in the output context container. You can use connect-AzAccount multiple times ina script, the token cache should allow tokens to be resused on subsequent logins

• You may also use Set-AzContext -Name, providing a unque name to each context (you could for example, name the contexts by subscription Id, if that works in your scenario). Get-AzContext -Name would always return the expected context in each scenario. For example, here is a script that renames all your context to use just the subscription id:

  Get-AzContext -ListAvailable | %{Rename-AzContext -TargetName $_.Subscription.Id -InputObject $_}

And then you could simply use the result of Select-AzContext -Name <sub-id> to always return the expected context, even in multi-threaded scenarios.

As a long term matter, since Azure is moving toward many more multi-subscription operations, I think the best solution would be to separate the selected subscription from the credentials - if you could pass a subscription to each cmdlet without needing to pass the context, it would make these scenarios much easier to figure out without documentation or expert help.

[HoLengZai]

Do you have an update regarding the more than 25 subscriptions issue? I don't have the issue on my local computer but when I'm using Get-AzContext (same Az PowerShell version: Az.Accounts v2.7.2) on Azure on my Durable Function with System Managed Identity to all my subscriptions with Reader permission, I can only retrieve 25 AzContext within my 32 Azure subscriptions.

As mentioned by @MattKotsenas , Set-AzContext has a side effect, it's really long to set an AzContext

I need all my AzContext from my Azure subscriptions for using this function: Get-AzConsumptionUsageDetail (= so no i cann pass the subscription for that function, I can only give an AzContext) I use Start-ThreadJob, so I can retrieve my consumption usage detail from all my subscriptions in a faster way But since I can only got 25 AzContext, my total consumption usage (based on my Azure Tag), I incorrect when i run my Durable Function on my Azure Function App.. I don't have any issue to get my 25 AzContext on my local machine with the Azure Function Core Tools. I made a ticket to MS Support, they are investigating but wondering if the issue could come from Azure Powershell itself even though it works locally...

@MattKotsenas I figured out the issue that you mentioned, hope it will help in your case:

 # Note that there's no way to convert this object to
 # Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Common.Authentication.Abstractions.Core.IAzureContextContainer
 # without calling Set-AzContext

$azSubscriptionContext = Get-AzContext -Name $subscriptionContextName
$converter = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Profile.Models.AzureContextConverter
$azSubscriptionContext = $converter.ConvertFrom($azSubscriptionContext, [Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Common.Authentication.Abstractions.Core.IAzureContextContainer], $null, $true)

then you can use the -AzContext parameter with $azSubscriptionContext

[dingmeng-xue]

-MaxContextPopulation of Connect-AzAccount determines the total number of context populated. Default value is 25. Please try it.

[HoLengZai]

Thanks a lot @dingmeng-xue You make my day. I can finally collect my Azure Consumption Usage from all my subscriptions via an Azure Durable Function using Start-ThreadJob. It took 15min instead of 40 to 60min to collect all the data.

It will be great if Microsoft can add a note link in Get-AzContext doc page about this option in Connect-AzAccount

[srbrills]

One note for anyone else who runs into this issue -- if you are already authenticated in a PowerShell session, running Connect-AzAccount again will not take on the new context population value, because these context objects are cached in a singleton object under the surface. You first have to Disconnect-AzAccount to clear that cache, then you can run your connect command with the number of contexts you would like.

Reference: https://github.com/Azure/azure-powershell/issues/14482