too big for a tweet, but maybe some food for thought

NON-ADVANCING I/O

The non-advancing I/O in Fortran 90 is not the same as stream I/O. Non-advancing I/O is still record-based (and there is a limit on the length of a line!). Record-based I/O can be useful. You can use formats that position within a partial record. You can backspace on most standard files. You can mix advancing and non-advancing I/O on a file without closing and reopening it. To efficiently impliment these features pretty much defines that the file must be record-based (especially on systems typically without system-defined file structures like Unix).

EXPLANATION

So non-advancing Fortran I/O supports some features not supported by Fortran stream I/O by being record-based. But this means there is a record length limit for non-advancing I/O, whereas true stream I/O has no predefined record structure. For many compilers the default record length is very large (e.g., 2147483647), essentially giving much of the appearance of stream I/O for files smaller than that size. But the limit may be much smaller.

One can query the record length:

    use,intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only : ERROR_UNIT, INPUT_UNIT, OUTPUT_UNIT
    ! OUTPUT_UNIT is almost always six, but that is not required by the standard
    inquire(unit=OUTPUT_UNIT, recl=i)
    print *, 'recl=', i, ' stdout unit=',OUTPUT_UNIT
    end

In some programming environments it is possible to set the record length up to a system-defined limit:

    character(len=256) :: message
    open(unit=6, recl=2147483646)
    inquire(unit=6, recl=i,iomsg=message,iostat=ios)
    if(iostat.ne.0)then
       write(*,*)'ERROR:'//trim(message)
    endif
    write(*,*)'recl=',i
    end

However, in some programming environments the record length is predefined, especially for preconnected units such as stdout, and the record length cannot be changed.

EXAMPLES

    do i=1, 512
       write (unit=6,fmt='(a)',advance='no') 'X'
    enddo
    end

We might expect this program to print 512 X's in a row on one line. However, if the record length for unit 6 is less than 512 the output will appear on multiple lines.

Note that unit 6 and unit are not necessarily the same. Although they both may point to the default output device. Each could keep track of the current location in its own record separately, for example. Therefore we advise choosing one default unit and sticking with it (either use or OUTPUT_UNIT(almost always unit 6).

Note that you can close and open the numeric pre-connected file and call INQUIRE on it; and usually change some attributes of the OPEN, unlike the * unit.

So what will this program produce?

    program nonadvancing
    implicit none
    integer :: i
    integer :: ios
    character(len=256) :: message

    inquire(unit=6, recl=i)
    print *, 'initial stdout recl=', i

    open(unit=10)
    inquire(unit=10, recl=i)
    print *, 'initial regular file recl=', i

    ! can you change stdout?
    open(unit=6, recl=80,iostat=ios,iomsg=message)
    if(ios.ne.0)then
       write(*,*)'ERROR:'//trim(message)
    endif
    inquire(unit=6, recl=i)
    print *, 'stdout recl=', i

    open(unit=6, recl=huge(0),iostat=ios,iomsg=message)
    if(ios.ne.0)then
       write(*,*)'ERROR:'//trim(message)
    endif
    inquire(unit=6, recl=i,iostat=ios,iomsg=message)
    print *, 'stdout recl=', i
    if(ios.ne.0)then
       write(*,*)'ERROR:'//trim(message)
    endif

    ! do you know whether positioning is relative to the entire line
    ! or the current partial record? Compilers handled this differently
    ! when non-advancing I/O was initially introduced. 
    ! so what will this write?
    write(*,101)'xxxxxx', 'yyyyy'
    101 format(a,t4,a)
    write(*,101,advance='no')'AAAAAA', 'BBBBB'
    write(*,101,advance='no')'CCCCCC', 'DDDDD'
    write(*,'(a)')'EEEEEE'

    end program nonadvancing

Beliavsky / FortranTip

Non-advancing I/O versus stream I/O #7

NON-ADVANCING I/O

EXPLANATION

EXAMPLES