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2018/11/05 - React和Vue中,是如何监听变量变化的 #22

Open Baifann opened 6 years ago

Baifann commented 6 years ago

React 中

本地调试React代码的方法

场景

假设有这样一个场景,父组件传递子组件一个A参数,子组件需要监听A参数的变化转换为state。

16之前

在React以前我们可以使用componentWillReveiveProps来监听props的变换

16之后

在最新版本的React中可以使用新出的getDerivedStateFromProps进行props的监听,getDerivedStateFromProps可以返回null或者一个对象,如果是对象,则会更新state

getDerivedStateFromProps触发条件

我们的目标就是找到 getDerivedStateFromProps的 触发条件

我们知道,只要调用setState就会触发getDerivedStateFromProps,并且props的值相同,也会触发getDerivedStateFromProps(16.3版本之后)

setStatereact.development.js当中

Component.prototype.setState = function (partialState, callback) {
  !(typeof partialState === 'object' || typeof partialState === 'function' || partialState == null) ? invariant(false, 'setState(...): takes an object of state variables to update or a function which returns an object of state variables.') : void 0;
  this.updater.enqueueSetState(this, partialState, callback, 'setState');
};
ReactNoopUpdateQueue {
    //...部分省略

    enqueueSetState: function (publicInstance, partialState, callback, callerName) {
    warnNoop(publicInstance, 'setState');
  }
}

执行的是一个警告方法

function warnNoop(publicInstance, callerName) {
  {
    // 实例的构造体
    var _constructor = publicInstance.constructor;
    var componentName = _constructor && (_constructor.displayName || _constructor.name) || 'ReactClass';
    // 组成一个key 组件名称+方法名(列如setState)
    var warningKey = componentName + '.' + callerName;
    // 如果已经输出过警告了就不会再输出
    if (didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent[warningKey]) {
      return;
    }
    // 在开发者工具的终端里输出警告日志 不能直接使用 component.setState来调用 
    warningWithoutStack$1(false, "Can't call %s on a component that is not yet mounted. " + 'This is a no-op, but it might indicate a bug in your application. ' + 'Instead, assign to `this.state` directly or define a `state = {};` ' + 'class property with the desired state in the %s component.', callerName, componentName);
    didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent[warningKey] = true;
  }
}

看来ReactNoopUpdateQueue是一个抽象类,实际的方法并不是在这里实现的,同时我们看下最初updater赋值的地方,初始化Component时,会传入实际的updater

function Component(props, context, updater) {
  this.props = props;
  this.context = context;
  // If a component has string refs, we will assign a different object later.
  this.refs = emptyObject;
  // We initialize the default updater but the real one gets injected by the
  // renderer.
  this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
}

我们在组件的构造方法当中将this进行打印

class App extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    //..省略

    console.log('constructor', this);
  }
}

-w766

方法指向的是,在react-dom.development.jsclassComponentUpdater

var classComponentUpdater = {
  // 是否渲染
  isMounted: isMounted,
  enqueueSetState: function(inst, payload, callback) {
    // inst 是fiber
    inst = inst._reactInternalFiber;
    // 获取时间
    var currentTime = requestCurrentTime();
    currentTime = computeExpirationForFiber(currentTime, inst);
    // 根据更新时间初始化一个标识对象
    var update = createUpdate(currentTime);
    update.payload = payload;
    void 0 !== callback && null !== callback && (update.callback = callback);
    // 排队更新 将更新任务加入队列当中
    enqueueUpdate(inst, update);
    //
    scheduleWork(inst, currentTime);
  },
  // ..省略
}

enqueueUpdate 就是将更新任务加入队列当中

function enqueueUpdate(fiber, update) {
  var alternate = fiber.alternate;
  // 如果alternat为空并且更新队列为空则创建更新队列
  if (null === alternate) {
    var queue1 = fiber.updateQueue;
    var queue2 = null;
    null === queue1 &&
      (queue1 = fiber.updateQueue = createUpdateQueue(fiber.memoizedState));
  } else

    (queue1 = fiber.updateQueue),
      (queue2 = alternate.updateQueue),
      null === queue1
        ? null === queue2
          ? ((queue1 = fiber.updateQueue = createUpdateQueue(
              fiber.memoizedState
            )),
            (queue2 = alternate.updateQueue = createUpdateQueue(
              alternate.memoizedState
            )))
          : (queue1 = fiber.updateQueue = cloneUpdateQueue(queue2))
        : null === queue2 &&
          (queue2 = alternate.updateQueue = cloneUpdateQueue(queue1));
  null === queue2 || queue1 === queue2
    ? appendUpdateToQueue(queue1, update)
    : null === queue1.lastUpdate || null === queue2.lastUpdate
      ? (appendUpdateToQueue(queue1, update),
        appendUpdateToQueue(queue2, update))
      : (appendUpdateToQueue(queue1, update), (queue2.lastUpdate = update));
}

我们看scheduleWork下

function scheduleWork(fiber, expirationTime) {
  // 获取根 node
  var root = scheduleWorkToRoot(fiber, expirationTime);
  null !== root &&
    (!isWorking &&
      0 !== nextRenderExpirationTime &&
      expirationTime < nextRenderExpirationTime &&
      ((interruptedBy = fiber), resetStack()),
    markPendingPriorityLevel(root, expirationTime),
    (isWorking && !isCommitting$1 && nextRoot === root) ||
      requestWork(root, root.expirationTime),
    nestedUpdateCount > NESTED_UPDATE_LIMIT &&
      ((nestedUpdateCount = 0), reactProdInvariant("185")));
}
function requestWork(root, expirationTime) {
  // 将需要渲染的root进行记录
  addRootToSchedule(root, expirationTime);
  if (isRendering) {
    // Prevent reentrancy. Remaining work will be scheduled at the end of
    // the currently rendering batch.
    return;
  }

  if (isBatchingUpdates) {
    // Flush work at the end of the batch.
    if (isUnbatchingUpdates) {
      // ...unless we're inside unbatchedUpdates, in which case we should
      // flush it now.
      nextFlushedRoot = root;
      nextFlushedExpirationTime = Sync;
      performWorkOnRoot(root, Sync, true);
    }
    // 执行到这边直接return,此时setState()这个过程已经结束
    return;
  }

  // TODO: Get rid of Sync and use current time?
  if (expirationTime === Sync) {
    performSyncWork();
  } else {
    scheduleCallbackWithExpirationTime(root, expirationTime);
  }
}

太过复杂,一些方法其实还没有看懂,但是根据断点可以把执行顺序先理一下,在setState之后会执行performSyncWork,随后是如下的一个执行顺序

performSyncWork => performWorkOnRoot => renderRoot => workLoop => performUnitOfWork => beginWork => applyDerivedStateFromProps

最终方法是执行

function applyDerivedStateFromProps(
  workInProgress,
  ctor,
  getDerivedStateFromProps,
  nextProps
) {
  var prevState = workInProgress.memoizedState;
      {
        if (debugRenderPhaseSideEffects || debugRenderPhaseSideEffectsForStrictMode && workInProgress.mode & StrictMode) {
          // Invoke the function an extra time to help detect side-effects.
          getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState);
        }
      }
      // 获取改变的state
      var partialState = getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState);
      {
        // 对一些错误格式进行警告
        warnOnUndefinedDerivedState(ctor, partialState);
      } // Merge the partial state and the previous state.
      // 判断getDerivedStateFromProps返回的格式是否为空,如果不为空则将由原的state和它的返回值合并
      var memoizedState = partialState === null || partialState === undefined ? prevState : _assign({}, prevState, partialState);
      // 设置state
      // 一旦更新队列为空,将派生状态保留在基础状态当中
      workInProgress.memoizedState = memoizedState; // Once the update queue is empty, persist the derived state onto the
      // base state.
      var updateQueue = workInProgress.updateQueue;

      if (updateQueue !== null && workInProgress.expirationTime === NoWork) {
        updateQueue.baseState = memoizedState;
      }
}

Vue

vue监听变量变化依靠的是watch,因此我们先从源码中看看,watch是在哪里触发的。

Watch触发条件

src/core/instance中有initState()

/core/instance/state.js

在数据初始化时initData(),会将每vue的data注册到objerserver

function initData (vm: Component) {
  // ...省略部分代码

  // observe data
  observe(data, true /* asRootData */)
}
/**
 * Attempt to create an observer instance for a value,
 * returns the new observer if successfully observed,
 * or the existing observer if the value already has one.
 */
export function observe (value: any, asRootData: ?boolean): Observer | void {
  if (!isObject(value) || value instanceof VNode) {
    return
  }
  let ob: Observer | void
  if (hasOwn(value, '__ob__') && value.__ob__ instanceof Observer) {
    ob = value.__ob__
  } else if (
    shouldObserve &&
    !isServerRendering() &&
    (Array.isArray(value) || isPlainObject(value)) &&
    Object.isExtensible(value) &&
    !value._isVue
  ) {
    // 创建observer
    ob = new Observer(value)
  }
  if (asRootData && ob) {
    ob.vmCount++
  }
  return ob
}

来看下observer的构造方法,不管是array还是obj,他们最终都会调用的是this.walk()

constructor (value: any) {
    this.value = value
    this.dep = new Dep()
    this.vmCount = 0
    def(value, '__ob__', this)
    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
      const augment = hasProto
        ? protoAugment
        : copyAugment
      augment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys)
      // 遍历array中的每个值,然后调用walk
      this.observeArray(value)
    } else {
      this.walk(value)
    }
  }

我们再来看下walk方法,walk方法就是将object中的执行defineReactive()方法,而这个方法实际就是改写setget方法

/**
* Walk through each property and convert them into
* getter/setters. This method should only be called when
* value type is Object.
*/
walk (obj: Object) {
    const keys = Object.keys(obj)
    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
      defineReactive(obj, keys[i])
    }
}

/core/observer/index.js defineReactive方法最为核心,它将set和get方法改写,如果我们重新对变量进行赋值,那么会判断变量的新值是否等于旧值,如果不相等,则会触发dep.notify()从而回调watch中的方法。

/**
 * Define a reactive property on an Object.
 */
export function defineReactive (
  obj: Object,
  key: string,
  val: any,
  customSetter?: ?Function,
  shallow?: boolean
) {
  // dep当中存放的是watcher数组 
  const dep = new Dep()

  const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
  if (property && property.configurable === false) {
    return
  }

  // cater for pre-defined getter/setters
  const getter = property && property.get
  const setter = property && property.set
  if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) { 
    // 如果第三个值没有传。那么val就直接从obj中根据key的值获取
    val = obj[key]
  }

  let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)

    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    // 可设置值
    configurable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter () {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      if (Dep.target) {
        // dep中生成个watcher
        dep.depend()
        if (childOb) {
          childOb.dep.depend()
          if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            dependArray(value)
          }
        }
      }
      return value
    },
    // 重点看set方法
    set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {
      // 获取变量原始值
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */
      // 进行重复值比较 如果相等直接return
      if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {
        return
      }
      /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {
        // dev环境可以直接自定义set
        customSetter()
      }

      // 将新的值赋值
      if (setter) {
        setter.call(obj, newVal)
      } else {
        val = newVal
      }
      childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
      // 触发watch事件
      // dep当中是一个wacher的数组
      // notify会执行wacher数组的update方法,update方法触发最终的watcher的run方法,触发watch回调
      dep.notify()
    }
  })
}

小程序

自定义Watch

小程序的data本身是不支持watch的,但是我们可以自行添加,我们参照Vue的写法自己写一个。 watcher.js

export function defineReactive (obj, key, callbackObj, val) {
  const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
  console.log(property);

  const getter = property && property.get;
  const setter = property && property.set;

  val = obj[key]

  const callback = callbackObj[key];

  Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter () {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val

      return value
    },
    set: (newVal) => {
      console.log('start set');
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val

      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
        callback(newVal, val);
      }

      if (setter) {
        setter.call(obj, newVal)
      } else {
        val = newVal
      }
      console.log('finish set', newVal);
    }
  });
}

export function watch(cxt, callbackObj) {
  const data = cxt.data
  for (const key in data) {
    console.log(key);
    defineReactive(data, key, callbackObj)
  }
}

使用

我们在执行watch回调前没有对新老赋值进行比较,原因是微信当中对data中的变量赋值,即使给引用变量赋值还是相同的值,也会因为引用地址不同,判断不相等。如果想对新老值进行比较就不能使用===,可以先对obj或者array转换为json字符串再比较。

//index.js
//获取应用实例
const app = getApp()

import {watch} from '../../utils/watcher';

Page({
  data: {
    motto: 'hello world',
    userInfo: {},
    hasUserInfo: false,
    canIUse: wx.canIUse('button.open-type.getUserInfo'),
    tableData: []
  },
    onLoad: function () {
    this.initWatcher();
  },
  initWatcher () {
    watch(this, {
      motto(newVal, oldVal) {
        console.log('newVal', newVal, 'oldVal', oldVal);
      },

      userInfo(newVal, oldVal) {
        console.log('newVal', newVal, 'oldVal', oldVal);
      },

      tableData(newVal, oldVal) {
        console.log('newVal', newVal, 'oldVal', oldVal);
      }
    });    
  },
  onClickChangeStringData() {
    this.setData({
      motto: 'hello'
    });
  },
  onClickChangeObjData() {
    this.setData({
      userInfo: {
        name: 'helo'
      }
    });
  },
  onClickChangeArrayDataA() {
    const tableData = [];
    this.setData({
      tableData
    });
  }
})

参考

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