Add earthly, replace pylint with ruff, replace mypy with pyre-check

[BurnySc2]

• Add monorepo-conform Earthfile files to more easily run checks on project files
• Adjust github actions files accordingly
• Replace pylint with ruff (faster linting)
• Replace mypy with pyre-check (faster type analysis)
• Improve frontend tests
• Disable integration tests (partially) for now

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