drug product vs drug substance

[wdduncan]

drug product is a subclass of drug substance, but the reason for the distinction is not clear.
The definition for drug substance is:

A drug is a material entity that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed.

But, this definition is very broad. For example, food satisfies this definition.

Is the intention of drug substance to represent "drugs" that do not necessarily have clinical uses? Or is the intention for there be a part of relation between drug product and drug substance (i.e., drug product has part some drug substance)?

[yongqunh]

This term needs more discussion. It was added because the current 'drug product' appears not to be aappropriate for our cases of COVID-19 drugs tested valid against viral infection experimentally in vivo or in vitro as seen in our paper: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0413/v1

[wdduncan]

Thanks. Can you provide a concrete example in the ticket of something that is a drug substance but not a drug product and why this is so?

[yongqunh]

A drug substance can be the raw drug substance without special process and so cannot be used for treating patient. For the drug product, it appears to be the product that is ready to use for treatment.

[wdduncan]

I'm not so sure. Here is the axiom for drug product:

'material entity'
 and ('is bearer of' some 'clinical drug role')
 and (has_proper_part some 
    ('scattered molecular aggregate'
     and ('is bearer of' some 'active ingredient')))

The important parts of the axiom seem to its clinical drug role and having (as part) an active ingredient.

clinical drug role is simply defined as:

the role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study disease and/or its effects

active ingredient is simply defined as:

a role of a scattered molecular aggregate that is part of a drug product that is realized by 
  (1) administration of the drug to an organism followed by 
  (2) some change in the structure or functioning of some part of the organism

I'm not seeing anything in the definition that says a drug product is the output of some "special process".

The way you are describing drug substance make it sound close the class scattered molecular aggregate.

[linikujp]

The drug product's definition is too general. A product may mean something that is the output of a manufacturer process? And also we need to differentiate approved drug use vs. unapproved.

Drug substance is looser than a product.

This thread needs more thinking.

On Wed, Jun 9, 2021, 21:05 Bill Duncan @.***> wrote:

I'm not so sure. Here is the axiom for drug product:

'material entity' and ('is bearer of' some 'clinical drug role') and (has_proper_part some ('scattered molecular aggregate' and ('is bearer of' some 'active ingredient')))

The important parts of the axiom seem to its clinical drug role and having (as part) an active ingredient.

clinical drug role is simply defined as:

the role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study disease and/or its effects

active ingredient is simply defined as:

a role of a scattered molecular aggregate that is part of a drug product that is realized by (1) administration of the drug to an organism followed by (2) some change in the structure or functioning of some part of the organism

I'm not seeing anything in the definition that says a drug product is the output of some "special process".

The way you are describing drug substance make it sound close the class scattered molecular aggregate.

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[sivaramarabandi]

Drug product from DRON:

Class: drug product Term IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00000005 Definition: A material entity (1) containing at least one scattered molecular aggregate as part that is the bearer of an active ingredient role and (2) that is itself the bearer of a clinical drug role

Drug substance is basically a chemical substance that bears a clinical drug role.

Class: chemical substance Term IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59999 Definition: A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.

So the relation between the two is that of 'has-part'

has-part --Sivaram ______________________ Sivaram Arabandi, MD, MS Ph: 832.726.2322 Li : https://www.linkedin.com/in/sivaramarabandi/ On Wed, Jun 9, 2021 at 11:25 PM Asiyah Yu Lin ***@***.***> wrote: > The drug product's definition is too general. A product may mean something > that is the output of a manufacturer process? And also we need to > differentiate approved drug use vs. unapproved. > > Drug substance is looser than a product. > > This thread needs more thinking. > > On Wed, Jun 9, 2021, 21:05 Bill Duncan ***@***.***> wrote: > > > I'm not so sure. Here is the axiom for drug product: > > > > 'material entity' > > and ('is bearer of' some 'clinical drug role') > > and (has_proper_part some > > ('scattered molecular aggregate' > > and ('is bearer of' some 'active ingredient'))) > > > > The important parts of the axiom seem to its clinical drug role and > > having (as part) an active ingredient. > > > > clinical drug role is simply defined as: > > > > the role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study > disease and/or its effects > > > > active ingredient is simply defined as: > > > > a role of a scattered molecular aggregate that is part of a drug product > that is realized by > > (1) administration of the drug to an organism followed by > > (2) some change in the structure or functioning of some part of the > organism > > > > I'm not seeing anything in the definition that says a drug product is the > > output of some "special process". > > > > The way you are describing drug substance make it sound close the class > scattered > > molecular aggregate. > > > > — > > You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread. > > Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub > > >, > > or unsubscribe > > < > https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/ACCPEPJ3C4S7GEUV4AR4YXTTSAFU7ANCNFSM433DZ73A > > > > . > > > > — > You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread. > Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub > , > or unsubscribe > > . >

[wdduncan]

@sivaramarabandi your proposal makes sense, however, this is not what is in cido. Currently, these are the equivalence axioms that define drug product:

'material entity'
 and ('is bearer of' some 'clinical drug role')
 and (has_proper_part some 
    ('scattered molecular aggregate'
     and ('is bearer of' some 'active ingredient')))

There is not a 'drug product' has part some 'drug substance' axiom. Are you proposing one be added? If so, then I would propose that you add the following axiom to drug substance:

'scattered molecular aggregate' and ('is bearer of' some 'active ingredient')

However, if you do this, you need to remove the 'drug product' rdfs:subClassOf 'drug product' relation. If you don't remove this relation, drug products will be represented as a subclass of scattered molecular aggregate, and that would be confusing.

---

Other comment:

At present, drug product has two sibling classes:

1. COVID-19 drug substance: A drug substance that is experinentallly proven to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, where the experiment can be done either in vivo or in vitro. The in vitro study is typically conducted using cell line cells.
2. experimental drug substance: A drug substance that is experinentallly proven to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, where the experiment can be done either in vivo or in vitro. The in vitro study is typically conducted using cell line cells.

(the typo "experinentallly" is taken directly from the defintion)

These definitions do provide clear distinctions/reasons as to why they would not be a drug product (please definition above). The notion I am trying to express is that (currenlty) the class drug substance doesn't seem to be doing any work in the ontology.