Add backend support for the Admin dashboard

[EarthenSky]

This adds endpoints for creating & updating officer info.

I'm not sure why it ended up being 500 LOC, please help!

TODO

• [x] sanity check tests

[EarthenSky]

I guess the newest version of ruff was breaking / had different behaviour? Odd...

[EarthenSky]

Okay, all the endpoints seem like they're working now, woo!

[EarthenSky]

Changes made in this PR:

• fix ruff linter error by downgrading to old version
• rename models.py -> tables.py for some modules
• fix endpoints & routing to use new /api/ endpoint prefix
• rename schemas.py -> types.py for some modules
• pass date to OfficerTermData instead of datetime (we don't want to deal with seconds)
• add more test date to load_test_db.py
• store list of position strings in static constant
• fix bug with using and & or in sqlalchemy query statements (we must use and_() and or() instead)
• add officer_terms() to get a list of officer terms by a specific computing_id
• update all_officer_terms() to have the option to show terms that have not been filled out yet.
• add create_new_officer_info(), update_officer_info(), create_new_officer_term(), and update_officer_term() (CrUd functions)
• add util functions to OfficerTerm and OfficerInfo to get dicts for various purposes (SQL UPDATE & for serializing to json)
• add validate() function to OfficerTermData + other utils to types to get dicts
• add new_term/ endpoint, which creates officer info if needed
• add update_info/ and update_term/ endpoints which update term info & officer info as needed
• fix many small bugs
• use http exceptions more often
• add small util functions

Next time I'll separate things into smaller PRs!

[EarthenSky]

"Move fast and break things"