`ruff` fixes + type annotations

[janosh]

ALL ruff rules now enabled unless specifically ignored

@BowenD-UCB needs approval given some of this is strictly speaking breaking.

• some exception types changed from ValueError to TypeError

• some boolean arguments that could be passed as positional before can now only be passed as keywords.

  example:

  # considered bad practice due to being unreadable, who knows what False means here
  CHGNetCalculator(some_model, some_device, False)
  
  # more readable to pass booleans as keywords, only this works now
  CHGNetCalculator(some_model, some_device, check_cuda_mem=False)

[BowenD-UCB]

This is fine, thanks for the PR!