Backport: Fix Slack notifications failing when no base URL is configured

[nscuro]

Description

Fixes Slack notifications failing when no base URL is configured.

See https://github.com/DependencyTrack/dependency-track/issues/3742#issuecomment-2143465872 for details.

If no base URL is configured, the View Component, View Project, and View Vulnerability buttons will be omitted from the notification. Because they are intended to link back to Dependency-Track, it doesn't make sense to include them without valid URL.

Addressed Issue

Fixes #3742 Backports #3791

Additional Details

N/A

Checklist

• [x] I have read and understand the contributing guidelines
• [x] This PR fixes a defect, and I have provided tests to verify that the fix is effective
• ~This PR implements an enhancement, and I have provided tests to verify that it works as intended~
• ~This PR introduces changes to the database model, and I have added corresponding update logic~
• ~This PR introduces new or alters existing behavior, and I have updated the documentation accordingly~

[codacy-production[bot]]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
:white_check_mark: +0.07% (target: -1.00%)	:white_check_mark: ∅ (target: 70.00%)

Coverage variation details

| | Coverable lines | Covered lines | Coverage | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Common ancestor commit (8ad00d3ac18f9db7ff446861c1c17a97814695fd) | 22074 | 16780 | 76.02% | | | Head commit (a17d9ea3f10a8a9054251d4af4ba16a08abe9909) | 22074 (+0) | 16795 (+15) | 76.08% (**+0.07%**) | **Coverage variation** is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: ` - `

Diff coverage details

| | Coverable lines | Covered lines | Diff coverage | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Pull request (#3792) | 0 | 0 | **∅ (not applicable)** | **Diff coverage** is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: `/ * 100%`

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