Add protein/food choice simulation

[jrissman]

Currently, we have a lever that mandates a shift from animal products to plant-based products. We want to change this so consumers choose what food products to buy on the basis of cost and other preferences, similar to the decision-making framework for vehicle or power plant choice (logit function). It can include shadow costs or benefits for:

• people's sense of disgust over unusual food/protein options
• perceptions of health

Some relevant policy levers to add include:

• Financial incentives for low-carbon protein choices
• Elimination of BAU subsidies for meat or feed crops (progressing to taxes after subsidy fully phased out)
• Marketing campaign changing sense of disgust or perceptions of health
• Keep the mandated shift lever. (It could be levied on the food companies rather than directly on consumers, similar to vehicle CAFE standards.)

Protein/food types to include:

• Traditional meat products
• Traditional plant-based proteins like legumes, tofu, grains, etc.
• Novel meat substitutes (Impossible, Beyond, etc.)

At a later stage, consider whether to address eggs/dairy.

The effects of different food choices (on methane emissions, etc.) are handled downstream of the choice function and are not part of this GitHub issue.

[jrissman]

"Novel meat substitutes" could be divided into plant-based and cell-based options. Data on both can be found from the Good Food Institute.

[jrissman]

We likely will need to address diary, eggs. For example, India has high cattle emissions, almost all of which are related to dairy.

[jrissman]

Keep track of which policies affect exports of animal products and which policies don't affect exports (and allow for leakage). Be sure to handle leakage correctly in our import-export framework.

[jrissman]

This report is another potential data source:

The Untapped Climate Opportunity in Alternative Proteins Boston Consulting Group July 2022 https://web-assets.bcg.com/6f/f1/087a0cc74221ac3fe6332a2ac765/the-untapped-climate-opportunity-in-alternative-proteins-july-2022.pdf

[mkmahajan]

Robbie and I discussed that we should likely save this feature for 3.6. I am retagging this issue for now.