NTRs related to glacial flow

[pbuttigieg]

This comment is still being updated

Candidate NTRs

• [ ] glacial surface velocity
• [ ] reference pole (stuck in the glacier as a reference point)
• [ ] ice flow velocity
• [ ] ice sheet elevation
• [ ] glacier elevation
• [ ] Northing and Easting (Consider carefully; may not be the right ontology)
• [ ] rock glacier
• [ ] ice aging
• [ ] air bubble capture (for paleoclimates etc)
• [ ] hanging valley (formed by colliding glaciers, linked to icefalls and waterfalls)
• [ ] Add causal semantics around paternoster lakes
• [ ] Deal with basins: geo basin vs structural basin
• [ ] ablation cone [rockfall near an icefall]
• [ ] ablation moraine

Other edits

• Added glacial flow synonym to glacial transport process.
• Moved glacier out of ice mass hierarchy, due to its compositional complexity.
• added 'formed as result of' some 'glacial erosion process' to cirque
• Revise cryosphere definition - water ice need not be present @rduerr added her synthesised def below.

Notes

Harvest background semantics from sources such as: http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/modern-glaciers/glacier-flow-2/glacier-flow/ https://www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/geol370/lectures/03_flow.html

[pbuttigieg]

Synthesised definition of rock glacier from @rduerr:

A glacier-like landform that often heads in a cirque and consists of a valley-filling accumulation of angular rock blocks. Rock glaciers have little or no visible ice at the surface; include a poorly sorted mess of rocks and fine material; and may include: (1) interstitial ice a meter or so below the surface ('ice-cemented'), (2) a buried core of ice ('ice-cored'), and/or (3) rock debris from avalanching snow and rock. Some rock glaciers move, although very slowly. Rock glaciers are a cryogenic landform, supersaturated with ice that if active, moves down slope by the influence of gravity which produces creep and deformation of the mountain permafrost. Rock glaciers do not form where there is insufficient moisture to form the interstitial ice that permits movement of the mass. Some are believed to have been formed, at least partly, by burial of glacier ice. Active rock glaciers possess steep fronts with slope angles greater than the angle of repose. Rock glaciers are said to be inactive when the main body ceases to move. Most rock glaciers have transverse ridges and furrows on their surface. In general, rock glaciers present a lobate shape with surficial morphology similar to a lava flow. However, especially in the central Andes, the morphologies can be considerably complex with multiple basins contributing material and the superposition of two or more lobes.

[rduerr]

Cryosphere =def. That part of the earth's crust, hydrosphere and atmosphere subject to temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius for at least part of each year. The term refers collectively to the portions of the earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier).

[pbuttigieg]

Continued from above

Add more kinds of glacier and other! @rduerr

• [ ] highland glacier
• [ ] temperate glacier
• [ ] polar glacier
• [ ] glacierete

Other useful classes

• [ ] bergschrund
• [ ] coalescing glaciers
• [ ] glacial compression flow
• [ ] dead ice (often covered by moraine deposits)
• [ ] [wind, precipitation, sublimation, avalanche] [deposition, erosion] of material on a glacier
• [ ] downwasting
• [ ] dynamic thinning
• [ ] tabular iceberg
• [ ] brinicle
• [ ] glacial disarticulation (mass ice loss)

Develop axioms around:

• [ ] glacial abrasion
• [ ] glacial plucking

See https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html

• [ ] Add process semantics around aquifer
• [ ] Add 'saturated' quality to aquifer, link to water / equiv semantics to complement porosity
• [ ] Add notions of buoyancy and support by water / land (useful for tectonics too)
• [ ] Consider adding catalyst role as participant (check in with CHEBI for role semantics, may be generalisable)
• [ ] Consider glacial percolation and throughflow (of water)
• [ ] Ablation subclasses: surface ablation (Sun driven), frontal ablation (partially Sun driven), internal ablation, and basal ablation. Consider that base ablation involves the abrasion as well as other melting processes. Consider atmospheric wind ablation of snow - once snow is on the glacier, it's considered part of the glacier. Make logical OR union of processes that could be ablative in the logical def.
• [ ] Add glacial retreat, in terms of mass balance - note that this is not necessarily due to glacial flow

Supplements:

Concerning flow processes, it was discussed at the VoCamp that it's necessary to identify the resolution of what is flowing, as it must maintain its identity through the flow. For example, flowing of ENVO:water requires liquid water at the beginning and at the end while flow of CHEBI:water can include phase changes as long as molecules of water are involved.

Cross-link to the HyFO work done in the last Vocamp: https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic Specifically work on glacial endurants by @thahmann available here

Micro/Nanocredit the following for relevant flow processes:

HyFO flow: http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2017/7763/ Groundwater concepts from HyFO (based on an integration of GWML2): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2018.1443751

Parts of the HyFO model to consider/align

• [ ] runoff

• [ ] infiltration

• [ ] overland flow

• [ ] percolation

• [ ] throughflow

• [ ] channel flow

• [ ] recharge & discharge

• [ ] interflow (glacial case: flow from a glacier to another glacier) and intraflow (within a glacier)

• [ ] baseflow

• [ ] leakage

• [ ] overflow (i.e. an ice sheet flowing over some surface?)

• Consider that these are mass balancey, so we need to express the source and sink of the flow in the semantics.

• Also consider that phase transitions can occur during flows

[charlesvardeman]

Nanocredit for Charles Vardeman orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-6059 Nanocredit for Gary Berg-Cross orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215