CodeQL integration to CI

[mcserep]

Closes #668.

The default CodeQL setup could not autobuild CodeCompass, therefore a manual workflow was defined, as described in the guide:
https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages

The new codeql.yml file has some redundancy with the build job in ci.yml, but refactoring this would require much more time than I have now. The performance is acceptable:

• The JavaScript-TypeScript analysis finishes in ca. 1 minute (building CodeCompass is not required).
• The C-C++ analysis finishes under 20 minutes (building CodeCompass and installing its dependencies are required).

Since I made CodeQL a separate workflow, it can run in parallel with the existing build and parse jobs, therefore it has no significant performance impact overall.

[github-advanced-security[bot]]

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