[Action] Look into options for having a numbered indicator

Check existing issues

[X] I have checked for existing issues to avoid duplicates

Description

We have received requests for having a way to display a count where the indicator currently is.

Acceptance Criteria

Provide a way to display a indicator/badge with a count.

Relevant Info

Valuable Info from Adam:

Chip has sort of served as the “badge” use case (some DS make a distinction, some don’t) and while Action is a common place for that kind of display it could be valid elsewhere too. We could look at a way to handle this just in Action for the time being as it’s the most commonly asked context. Badge-count or something, would need to handle intl numeric characters, more than two characters, etc. Technically right now users can slot things inside actions and fudge around with padding etc but we don’t doc that

More info in response to if this functionality should be a standalone option or an augmentation to current indicator:

I think there's value in the themeable dot still - we've also had requests for "adornments" like a checkmark icon, security badge icon, etc., sometimes in the context of Avatar but also in the case of Action. Scoped to a numeric value, I'd think we'd only want one visual to be possible - like if you provide indicator-count it overrides the indicator dot, etc. (now, badges usually top-right where indicators bottom-right, but that's kind of implementation q)

Which Component

calcite-action

Example Use Case

Notification count, inbox count, etc...

Priority impact

impact - p3 - not time sensitive

Calcite package

[X] @esri/calcite-components
[ ] @esri/calcite-components-angular
[ ] @esri/calcite-components-react
[ ] @esri/calcite-design-tokens
[ ] @esri/eslint-plugin-calcite-components

Esri team

Calcite (design)

Esri / calcite-design-system

[Action] Look into options for having a numbered indicator #10287