Update form components to leverage ElementInternals API

[jcfranco]

Description

Stencil v4.5.0 added support for ElementInternals, allowing our form components to use this API instead of our custom solution.

cc @eriklharper @benelan

Blocked issues: #9319, #4681, #5026

Proposed Advantages

Improved form integration and leaner components.

Which Component

All components implementing FormComponent:

• [ ] checkbox
• [ ] combobox
• [ ] input-date-picker
• [ ] input-number
• [ ] input-text
• [ ] input-time-picker
• [ ] input-time-zone
• [ ] input
• [ ] meter
• [ ] radio-button
• [ ] rating
• [ ] segmented-control
• [ ] select
• [ ] slider
• [ ] switch
• [ ] text-area

Relevant Info

Safari added support for ElementInternals at 16.4, so we may have to consider the following if we update form components to use this API:

1. waiting until Safari 18 to ensure last 2 base versions support this API
2. consider a polyfill to handle Safari 16.0 – 16.3 (requires a lot testing)
3. moving forward and document form integration won't work for 16.0 – 16.3 (nonstarter option as it introduces a regression for this version)

Calcite package

• [X] @esri/calcite-components
• [ ] @esri/calcite-components-react
• [ ] @esri/calcite-design-tokens
• [ ] @esri/eslint-plugin-calcite-components

Related issues

• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/5026
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/4506
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/2838
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/4078
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/7249
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/6751
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/4681
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/8126
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/7413
• https://github.com/Esri/calcite-design-system/issues/9319 high support

[geospatialem]

With the transition to Lit from Stencil, Calcite is ensuring stability before proceeding with ElementInternals support, targeting the above in the next upcoming milestone (December 2024).

[jcfranco]

This is blocked by https://github.com/lit/rfcs/pull/45.