PostAny

[FoldCle]

eg:

blurring

模糊的 With the blurring of roles, ...

Onetime

adj.从前的

[FoldCle]

长难句

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I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day - they both just pop into my mind in the same way .

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Broadway n ．百老汇

pop into 匆匆走进

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翻译：我还记得音乐剧《毛发》就在同一天首登百老汇一这些记忆都以同样的方式跃入我的脑海。

[FoldCle]

长难句

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Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.

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be talked into ... 被劝说 去...

threatened 前面省略了 they need to be

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你的家庭成员对家务劳动没有明确的奖励;他们需要被劝服去做家务，或者如 果他们是青少年的话，他们需要以“切断一切电子设备”为威胁来完成家务。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

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This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

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paradox 矛盾的人/事

recruiting 招收，招募

forthcoming 即将发生的

in that 表示因果状语从句，“因为”

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根据《心理科学》期刊中所出现的这篇令人沮丧的论文所说，这就创造出一种悖论。因为招收这些第一批学生然后看着他们很多人失败就意味着较高等的教育继续复制和扩大，而并非消除了这种基于社会阶级形成的成就差距。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

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This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

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paradox 矛盾的人/事

recruiting 招收，招募

forthcoming 即将发生的

in that 表示因果状语从句，“因为”

---

根据《心理科学》期刊中所出现的这篇令人沮丧的论文所说，这就创造出一种悖论。因为招收这些第一批学生然后看着他们很多人失败就意味着较高等的教育继续复制和扩大，而并非消除了这种基于社会阶级形成的成就差距。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.

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dim 迟钝的

executive n.领导层

get into the wrong hands 落到危险分子或敌人手里

---

可以确定，即使最糊涂的管理者也应该清楚地知道，信任是最有价值的经济财富，它容易遭到破坏，并且恢复的代伦非常高昂-没有什么比一家公司让敏感的个人数据落入别有用心的人手里更能破坏信任的了。

[FoldCle]

Done 短句

First keep peace with yourself, then you can also bring peace to others.

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

The high court's decision said the judge in MrMcDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts" or the former governors decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.

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fail to tell 没有告诉

trial 审讯

jury 陪审团

former 先前的

---

翻译:最高法庭的判决指出，审判麦克唐纳先生案件的法官并未告知陪审团必须只关注其“公务行为"，或这位前州长在与其职责有关的“特定的"和“未确定"问题上的决策。

[FoldCle]

Done 作文

单词

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含义	轻微	一般	激烈
【上升】	climb	rise/increase	soar/rocket/leap
【下降】	slide/dip	decline/drop	plumb/slump/plunge

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Visit Wiltshire, the county’s tourism agency, is understandably reluctant to comment, given that acts of trespass and criminal damage are involved.

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reluctant [rɪˈlʌktənt] adj.不情愿的;勉强的

trespass [ˈtrespəs] n.擅闯;非法入侵

tourism agency 旅游社

given为介词表示“考虑到，鉴于”，为一个原因状语从句。

---

鉴于涉及未经许可擅入私人土地及刑事损害类行为，也就可以理解为什么Visit Wiltshire这个乡村旅游部不愿就此多谈了。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect,” or “illusory superiority,” and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

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amassed 积聚

oceans of research 大量的研究

illusory superiority 虚幻的优越感

rate ourselves 评价我们自己

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翻译：社会心理学家就其所称的“高于均数效应”或“虚幻的优越感”积累了大量的研究成果，并指出：例如，我们当中有70%的人认为自己领导能力优于他人，93%的人认为自己的驾驶能力比别人更高超85%的人认为自己比他人更擅长交际—很明显这些在统计学上是不可能的。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. （2017-text 3 英一）

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lesson 教训

sole measure 唯一标准

---

这是一条富裕国家可以吸取的教训:当GDP不再被视为衡量一个国家成功与否的唯一标准时，世界看起来就大不一样了。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. （2003 Text1）

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firm 公司

make a splash 引起轰动

intelligence-analysis 情报分析 （intelligence：智力/情报）

这里Among 开头是一个倒装句！！

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位于德克萨斯州奥斯汀的私人情报分析公司Straitford，Inc .（有限公司）是引起最大轰动的公司之一。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

It is too soon to know how the unfurling business-failure and unemployment crisis caused by this novel public-health crisis is hitting different age groups, or how much income and wealth each generation is losing; it is far too soon to know how different groups will rebound .

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It's too soon to know 要知道...还为时尚早

unfurling 不断蔓延的

novel public-health crisis 新型公共健康危机

rebound 重振旗鼓

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想要知道这种新型的公共健康危机导致的不断蔓延的企业倒闭和失业危机是如何影响不同年龄段的人，或者说每一代人损失了多少收入和财富；想要知道不同群体将如何重振旗鼓也为时过早。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. (2002 text 3)

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conservation 保护，保存

energy-intensive 能源密集型

consumption 消耗

这里的逗号都表示顿号，这句其实是长主语！

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能源节约、向其他燃料的转移以及能源密集型重工业重要性的下降，都降低了石油消耗。(2002年案文3）

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.（2007 text1）

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rather有很多意思，单独放开头，这里翻译为 “更确切的说”

as mush ... as 即。。。又。。。

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更确切的说，它包括设定具体的目标，获得即时的反馈，在关注结果的同时也关注技巧。(2007年文本1)

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Karen Osborn of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, DC, noticed a similar effect when she tried to photograph deep-sea fish, many of which are coated in a fragile black film that has to be removed before a picture can be taken.

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【熟词僻义】

photograph

[ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf] v.拍照;照相

coat

[kəʊt] v.给…涂上一层;(用…)覆

fragile

脆弱的，易碎的

film

[fɪlm] n.薄薄的一层；薄膜

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华盛顿州史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆的凯伦·奥斯本发现了一种类似的效果，当时她在拍摄深海鱼，其中很多都鱼都被盖上了一层脆弱的黑膜，在拍摄照片前需要把它拿下来。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.

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Philharmonic n.爱乐乐团

announcement n.通告，声明

appointment n.任命

the talk of ... ...热议的话题

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翻译:纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请艾伦.吉尔伯特担任其下一任音乐总监，这项任命自2009年突然宣布起，就一直是古典音乐界热议的话题。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. [2003翻译]

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emphasis 强调

perspective 视角，观点

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强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析古今文化时采用的跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特且非常重要的社会科学。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly £1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exports earn up to £10 billion a year more.

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invisible 无形的

￡ 英镑

(拓展： € 欧元)

a year more 是a year | more 表示每年额外多了...

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翻译:英语教育行业直接为英国赚取了将近13亿英镑的无形出口收入，而与其他教育相关出口每年还会额外赚取高达100亿英镑的收益。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.

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live by .. 信守

commitment 承诺

foresee 预见

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要么是安特吉从未想过要遵守这些承诺或者它根本没有预见到接下来会发生什么。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Like an oasis in the desert, condensed water dripping from the jar's lid can give a dehydrating microbe the relief it needs.

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oasis

[oʊˈeɪsɪs] n.(沙漠中的)绿洲

condense

[kənˈdens] v.(由气体)冷凝;(使气体)凝结;(使)浓缩，变浓，变稠

condensed

[kənˈdenst] adj. (液体)浓缩的

drip

[drɪp] v.滴下;滴出;滴水

jar

[dʒɑːr] n.(玻璃)罐子;广口瓶

lid

[lɪd] n.(容器的)盖，盖子

dehydrate

[diːˈhaɪdreɪt] v.使(食物)脱水;(身体)失水，脱水

microbe

微生物

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如同沙漠中的绿洲一般，瓶盖上低落下来的凝聚的水滴也能给脱水微生物所需的喘息机会。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. （2018 英一，text 1）

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upend 美 [ˌəpˈɛnd] 英 [ʌpˈɛnd] v. 颠倒；倒放

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未来几年，技术将大大小小地改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和职业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这不会是什么安慰。/翻译:未来几年，科技将从大大小小的方面改善社会，但这对于哪些发现自己的生活和事业都被自动化彻底颠覆的人来说，没什么安慰作用。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. （2012， 新题型）

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millennium 美 [məˈlɛniəm] 英 [mɪˈlɛnɪəm] n. 一千年；千禧年；千年期；太平盛世

manage to 达成

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他们不仅开发/研发了这样一种设备，而且在世纪之交的时候，他们还成功地将它嵌入到每天有数十亿人访问的全球系统中。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others. (2015,新题型)

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ethnicity 美 [ɛθˈnɪsədi] 英 [ɛθˈnɪsɪti] n. 种族划分；种族特点；种族渊源；种族地位

interpretations 美 [ɪntɜprɪˈteɪʃnz] 英 [ɪntɜ:prɪˈteɪʃnz] n. 解释；表演；(interpretation的名词复数) 【解读】

obscure 美 [əbˈskjʊr] 英 [əbˈskjʊə] adj. 不著名的；无名的；朦胧的；晦涩的 vt. 隐藏；掩盖；使难理解；【使…模糊不清】 n. 某种模糊的或不清楚的东西

close off 隔离,封锁

social class 社会阶级

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诸如我们阅读的地点和时期、我们的性别、种族、年龄和社会阶层等因素会鼓励我们做出某些解读，但同时也会模糊甚至屏蔽其他解读。

[Arcsincode]

Done 长难句

Developing and rolling out new higher-yielding strains is much easier and quicker for annual crops like wheat than for perennials such as palm trees that take time to mature and will bear fruit for many years.

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rolling out

推出;展开

yield

[jiːld]v.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)

strain

[streɪn] n.（动、植物的）系，品系，品种

perennial

[pəˈreniəl]n.多年生植物

palm tree

棕榈树;棕树

【bear】

[ber] v.开（花）；结（果实）

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开发和种植新型高产品种对小麦这种一年生作物来说，比棕榈树这种多年生植物更简单快速，棕榈树这种多年生植物需要很长时间才能到达成熟期并且数年之内才能结出果实。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

The second legend has it that during the Yuan Dynasty, an underground group led by Zhu Yuan Zang was determined to rid the country of Mongolian dominance.

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underground

[ ˈʌndəɡraʊnd] adj.秘密的，非法的，暗中的，地下的(尤指反政府的)

underground group

起义军

rid

[rɪd] v.去掉;去除;摆脱

dominance

[ˈdɑːmɪnəns] n.支配;控制

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第二个传说讲的是在元朝，朱元璋领导的起义军计划起义来摆脱蒙古族的统治。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

While producing large quantities of CO₂, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. (2011 英二，翻译)

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emit 释放

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翻译:除了产生大量的二氧化碳，这些计算机还会释放许多热量，因此数据中心需要良好的空调环境，而这会消耗更多的能量。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. （2012，英一，翻译）

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filter out 过滤掉、筛除

arise 产生、出现

cognitive 认知的

terms 方面,角度

what is shared 在这里翻译为：【共性】

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翻译:从共性中筛除个性， 这会使我们得以理解复杂的 文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化或认知角度理解是什么引导了它的走向。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.（2015，英一， text 4）

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astonishing 令人震惊的

revelations （被披露的）真相

newroom 编辑部

inquire 询问

arrived 可翻译为：得来

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翻译:令人震惊的真相之一是是丽贝卡 布鲁克斯竟然对她的新闻编辑部中发生的事情知之甚少，她几乎不过问，也从来不询问这些新闻是如何得来的。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

A frequency dictionary has thousands ordered not by the alphabet but by how often they are actually used: this quickly gives you the few dozen critical, functional words that glue a language together.

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the few dozen... 几十个

critical 关键的

glue [ɡluː]v.粘合，粘牢，粘贴

---

一本频率词典中单词的排序，不是按照字母表顺序排序，而是按照使用频率排序的：这样你很快就能找到几十个关键的功能词，这些功能词把一门语言粘合在一起。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Those forecasts already take into account the planned rise in retirement ages and a likely drop in replacement ratios and thus assume that voters will approve of pension reform even as the baby-boomers become a potentially powerful voting block of retired people.

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take into account 把...考虑在内

approve of 通过/赞同

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这些预测已经将计划中的退休年龄上升和替代率可能下降都考虑在内了，即使婴儿潮一代成为退休人员中潜在的强大投票群体，但是报告还是认为选民会支持养老金改革。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

Spaniards, in turn, gobble a dozen grapes before the stroke of midnight, each fruit representing a month that will either be sweet or sour.

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spaniard

[ˈspænjərd] n.西班牙人

gobble

[ˈɡɑːbl]v. 狼吞虎咽;吞吃

stroke

[stroʊk] n.(打、击等的)一下，一击

sour

[ˈsaʊər]adj.酸的;闷闷不乐的;

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西班牙人则会在午夜钟声敲响前吃下十二颗葡萄，每一颗葡萄都代表新一年中的一个月，葡萄如果是甜的，那么它代表的那个月份的生活就是甜的，葡萄是酸的，那么就意味着相应的月份也会过得比较糟糕。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. （2015，英一， text 3）

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effort 美 [ˈɛfərt] 英 [ˈɛfət] n. 努力；成就；尝试；杰作

irreproducibility 非再生性

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这项政策遵循了其他期刊的类似做法，此前人们普遍担心数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已发表的研究成果不可复制。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. （2013，英一，text 4）

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constitutional 美 [ˌkɑnstəˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n(ə)l] 英 [kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的 n. 保健散步；保健运动

uniform 美 [ˈjunəˌfɔrm] 英 [ˈjuːnɪfɔːm] n. 制服 adj. 一致的；【统一的】；始终如一的

Naturalization 归化（对于外国人的）

precede 美 [prəˈsid] 英 [prɪˈsiːd] vi. 领先;在前面 v. 领先；【先于】

Washington alone... 只有华盛顿...【!】

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只有华盛顿有权“制定统一的入籍规则”以及联邦法律优先于州法律的宪法原则是无可争议的。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

2007-text 3 During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.

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fair play 公平竞争

transform 美 [træn(t)sˈfɔrm] 英 [transˈfɔːm] v. 改变;转换 n. 变换式

count on 依靠

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在过去的一代人中，美国中产阶级家庭曾经可以依靠努力工作和公平竞争来维持自己的经济安全，但在经济风险和新的现实面前却发生了变化。

[FoldCle]

Done 长难句

2007-text 3 As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.

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parachute 美 [ˈpɛrəˌʃut] 英 [ˈparəʃuːt] vi. （……）跳伞 vt. 用降落伞空投（……），伞投（……） n. 降落伞 【保护伞】

setback 美 [ˈsɛtˌbæk] 英 [ˈsɛtbak] n. 挫折；逆流；退步；阻碍

get laid off 被解雇

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结果，他们失去了经济困难时期曾经拥有的保护伞——一个在家庭经济支柱失业或者生病时可以走进职场的候补挣钱者（通常是母亲）。

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It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” （2016，text 4，英一）

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specifically 美 [spəˈsɪfɪkli] 英 [spəˈsɪfɪkli] adv. 明确地；具体地；特别地 【专门】

dweller 美 [ˈdwelər] 英 [ˈdwelə(r)] n. 居民；居住者

refreshing 美 [rəˈfrɛʃɪŋ] 英 [rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ] vt. 给...翻新;(refresh的ing形式) vi. 恢复精神;补充给养 adj. 提神的;使人耳目一新的

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它专门为城市居民提供休闲空间，让他们能够体验“清新的空气”。

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Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. （2017，英一， text 2）

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the bulk of 大多数

rested in 坐落在

dense atmosphere 稠密的大气

clarity 美 [ˈklɛrədi] 英 [ˈklarɪti] n. 清楚；透明；明晰；明确

unsurpassed 美 [ˌənsərˈpæst] 英 [ʌnsəˈpɑːst] adj. 非常卓越的；未被超越的 （surpassed 美 [sərˈpæs] 英 [səˈpɑ:s] v. 优于；(surpass的过去分词)）

【where这里能找到的合适的名词是MK Peak, 引导定语从句，又不会与被修饰的名词离得太远】

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坐落在太平洋上的莫纳克亚山高出我们星球的大部分稠密大气层，那里的条件允许望远镜获得无与伦比的清晰图像。(2017,英一，文本2)

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2012英语一Text 2 Ⅰ ①A deal is a deal—except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state’s strict nuclear regulations. Ⅱ ①Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. ②It’s a stunning move. 

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abide by 遵守

stunning 令人震惊的

outrage 愤怒

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Instead 这里表示“递进”

答案词汇： dishonoring 【违背】、退票、侮辱等意

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In a letter to Roger Weightman, declining an invitation to participate in a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence because he was ill, Jefferson insisted that “all eyes are open, or opening, to the rights of man.”

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decline

[dɪˈklaɪn] v.谢绝;婉言拒绝

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在写给罗杰·韦特曼的信中，杰斐逊以生病为由拒绝了参加独立宣言50周年庆祝活动的邀请，杰斐逊坚称，“面对人权问题，所有人的眼睛都是睁开着的或正在睁开。”

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Yet, as a young man inspired by the books he read that introduced him to the Enlightenment, Jefferson began the process of questioning these hierarchies and status-based power.

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the Enlightenment

启蒙运动;启蒙时代

hierarchy

[ˈhaɪərɑːki]n.等级制度(尤指社会或组织)   复数：hierarchies

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然而，作为一个年轻人，一个受到了书籍启发而走上了启蒙道路的年轻人，杰斐逊开始对这些等级制度和基于地位的权力有了质疑。

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At a recent seminar on school discipline, Mr. Gove and a clutch of star head teachers who have turned around failing (indeed out-of-control) schools discussed how firm, consistent rules are a tool for social mobility, enabling children from deprived backgrounds to escape the effects of often chaotic home lives.

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seminar 

[ˈsemɪnɑː(r)] n.研讨课;研讨会;培训会

clutch

[klʌtʃ]n.一群(人或动物)

head teachers

校长

star head teachers

明星校长

mobility

[moʊˈbɪləti] n.(住处、社会阶层、职业方面的)流动能力

chaotic

[keɪˈɑːtɪk] adj.混乱的;杂乱的;紊乱的

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在最近一次的学校纪律研讨会上，戈夫先生和一些曾使一些不太好的（实际上处于失控状态的）学校发生改观的明星校长们展开讨论：怎样才能使稳定的、一贯的纪律成为社会阶级流动的工具，从而使贫穷的孩子们能够摆脱他们通常是混乱不堪的家庭生活的影响。

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As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.（2014，英一， text 3）

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【lucrative】 获利多的

Feature 特写、专题

a string of 一系列

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正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章所讨论的那样，近年来，一系列针对研究人员的丰厚奖励也加入了诺贝尔奖的行列

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But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.（2014，英一，text 3）

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【recipient】 接受人 【row】 争吵 【inevitable】 不可避免的 【A outgrow B】 A长的过快而B不再适用 【demonstrate】 证明，演示

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但诺贝尔基金会对每个奖项的获奖者不得超过3人的，而且每个人必须还活着的限制早已因现代研究的合作性质而不再适用，在承认希格斯玻色子的发现时，对谁被忽视这一不可避免的争论就证明了这一点。

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Following rules laid down by the watching boss of the school, Greg Martin—a man of firm convictions, once compared to Stalin by trade-union activists—the children stand with one finger to their lips, as a reminder to be quiet.

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watching boss

监事校董

conviction

[kənˈvɪkʃn]n.坚定的看法(或信念);深信;坚信;坚定;肯定 美 [kənˈvɪkʃ(ə)n] 英 [kənˈvɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 定罪；确信；坚信；信念

trade-union 工会

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根据监事校董格雷格.马汀(他是一个有着坚定信念，并曾被工会活跃分子比作斯大林的人)的规定，孩子们站在那里，用手指指着嘴唇，提醒自己保持安静。

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Rockets using liquid propellants can be shut down reasonably easily by turning off the pumps delivering the fuel and oxidiser, but they tend to be complex and their propellants, such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are difficult and hazardous to handle.

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propellant

[prəˈpelənt]n.喷射剂(如喷雾器中的压缩气体);推进剂(如发射用火药)

【[reasonably]】 美 [ˈriz(ə)nəbli] 英 [ˈriːznəbli] adv. 合理地；相当地；适度地；有理性地

pump

[pʌmp] n.泵

oxidizer

[ˈɒksɪdaɪzə] n.氧化剂

hydrogen

[ˈhaɪdrədʒən]n.氢;氢气

【[hazardous]】

[ˈhæzədəs] adj.危险的;有害的

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使用液态推进剂的火箭发动机可以通过关闭输送燃料和氧化剂的泵的方式而被相当轻松地关掉，但是它们往往很复杂，而且它们的推进剂（比如液态氢和液态氧）操作起来困难且有危险性。

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The study argues that kids who are allowed to drink under adult supervision are more likely to develop drinking problems than kids whose parents have a hard and fast policy on their not drinking until they turn twenty-one.

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hard and fast

(规则、信息等)固定的，明确的

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研究认为那些在成年人的监护下被允许喝酒的青少年，比那些平时被父母严格要求，直到年满21岁才被父母允许喝酒的青少年更可能形成许多酗酒问题。

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Under a scanning electron microscope, she discovered that this film is made of millions of microscopic melanin granules shaped like drug capsules, capped by a thin gelatinous layer.

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electron

[ɪˈlektrɒn] n. 电子

microscope

[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp]n.显微镜

microscopic

[ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk]adj.需用显微镜观察的;使用显微镜的。在本句中稍作引申，表示“极小的;微小的;”

melanin

[ˈmelənɪn] n.黑(色)素

granule

[ˈɡrænjuːl] n.颗粒状物;微粒;细粒

capsule

[ˈkæpsjuːl] n.(装药物的)胶囊

cap

[kæp]v.用…覆盖顶部(或端部)

gelatinous

[dʒəˈlætɪnəs] adj.明胶的;胶状的

layer

[ˈleɪə(r)]n.层;表层

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在扫描电子显微镜下，她发现这层膜是由百万个药物胶囊一样的微型黑素颗粒制成，这些黑素颗粒表面有一层薄薄的凝胶层。

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Mr Gupta says he cannot handle the “legal hassle” that might ensue if they try to end their lives while in his care.

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hassle

[ˈhæsl]n.困难；麻烦 

ensue  

[ɪnˈsjuː] v.接着发生;因而产生

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Gupta解释说，如果他的病人在他的治疗期间选择自杀，那么他可搞不定的这个“法律上的大麻烦”。

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Limiting access to pesticides, poisons that are close at hand for most rural Indians, may prevent such deaths, as it has in Sri Lanka.

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pesticide

[ˈpestɪsaɪd]n.杀虫剂;除害药物

close at hand 近在咫尺

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在印度农村，限制获得以往轻易就能拿到杀虫剂和毒药的渠道，可能会阻止一些死亡，因为在里斯兰卡就有这样的事。