Migrate from Protractor to Cypress

[ThomasJuster]

Migrate our "protractor" tests to "Cypress".

More info and migration guide in the "links" section of https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/5502#issue-850651551

Initial issue

Overview

The Protractor team created an issue in which they announce they will end the development of Protractor in 2022 and encourage their community to migrate to another tool.

The migration should be eased by the new e2e tests (see PR #888)

Here's a list of possible tools to migrate to:

• Cypress − supports multiple browsers ; don't get confused by the pricing, there's a free npm package that can be used ; need to migrate the tests as well because Cypress embeds its own test runner
• Playwright − supports multiple browser ; developed by microsoft and can be used with jasmine (doc)
• Puppeteer − headless chrome browser

What needs to be done:

• [ ] Install an alternative and uninstall Protractor
• [ ] Migrate the e2e page objects
• [ ] Update the CI configuration

Acceptance criteria

• [ ] Only page objects and config should be touched, no e2e tests should be updated (or barely)
• [ ] The CI tests must pass

[smadbe]

We use protractor only because it is the angular default, which makes things easier. Do you know what is going to be the next default in Angular?