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IntersectionObserver是什么? #169

Open FrankKai opened 4 years ago

FrankKai commented 4 years ago
FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver概览

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver构造器

var observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback[, options]);

参数

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver方法

示例

下面的例子在threshold值变化在10%以上时触发myObserverCallback。

let observer = new IntersectionObserver(myObserverCallback, { "threshold": 0.1 });
FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver懒加载(vue单文件组件简版)

<template>
  <div>
    <img v-for="(image, i) in images" :key="i" src :data-img-url="image" />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      images: [
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247890587&di=88d4066be3d57ac962a6bec37e265d37&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F01.imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20170810%2F20170810151144_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e_3.jpeg',
        'https://ss3.bdstatic.com/70cFv8Sh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4054762707,1853885380&fm=26&gp=0.jpg',
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247912077&di=508a949e5e291875debf6ca844292cd4&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F03imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20180827%2F20180827095359_6759372e9bd28026ee6f53b500fb4291_2.jpeg',
      ],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    const images = document.querySelectorAll('img');

    const observerLazyLoad = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
      entries.forEach((item) => {
        if (item.isIntersecting) {
          item.target.src = item.target.dataset.imgUrl;
        }
      });
    });

    images.forEach((image) => {
      observerLazyLoad.observe(image);
    });
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
img {
  display: block;
  height: 500px;
  margin: 30px;
}
</style>

image

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver吸顶(vue单文件组件简版)

<template>
  <div>
    <p class="fixed-top-helper"></p>
    <p class="fixed-top-reference"></p>
    <header>头部</header>
    <main>
      <img v-for="(image, i) in images" :key="i" :src="image" />
    </main>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      images: [
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247890587&di=88d4066be3d57ac962a6bec37e265d37&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F01.imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20170810%2F20170810151144_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e_3.jpeg',
        'https://ss3.bdstatic.com/70cFv8Sh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4054762707,1853885380&fm=26&gp=0.jpg',
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247912077&di=508a949e5e291875debf6ca844292cd4&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F03imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20180827%2F20180827095359_6759372e9bd28026ee6f53b500fb4291_2.jpeg',
      ],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    const header = document.querySelector('header');
    const fixedTopReference = document.querySelector('.fixed-top-reference');
    fixedTopReference.style.top = `${header.offsetTop}px`;

    const observerFixedTop = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
      entries.forEach((item) => {
        if (item.boundingClientRect.top < 0) {
          header.classList.add('fixed');
        } else {
          header.classList.remove('fixed');
        }
      });
    });
    observerFixedTop.observe(fixedTopReference);
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.fixed-top-helper {
  height: 1px;
  background: #ccc;
}
header {
  background: #ccc;
  &.fixed {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
main {
  img {
    display: block;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 30px;
  }
}
</style>

image

注意事项:

吸顶抖动

image

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver触底(vue单文件组件简版)

<template>
  <div>
    <main>
      <img v-for="(image, i) in images" :key="i" src="image" />
    </main>
    <footer>底部</footer>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      images: [
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247890587&di=88d4066be3d57ac962a6bec37e265d37&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F01.imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20170810%2F20170810151144_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e_3.jpeg',
        'https://ss3.bdstatic.com/70cFv8Sh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4054762707,1853885380&fm=26&gp=0.jpg',
        'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247912077&di=508a949e5e291875debf6ca844292cd4&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F03imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20180827%2F20180827095359_6759372e9bd28026ee6f53b500fb4291_2.jpeg',
      ],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    const footer = document.querySelector('footer');

    const observerTouchBottom = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
      entries.forEach((item) => {
        if (item.isIntersecting) {
          setTimeout(() => {
            console.log('滚动到了底部,可以发request请求数据了');
          }, 2000);
        }
      });
    });

    observerTouchBottom.observe(footer);
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
main {
  img {
    display: block;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 30px;
  }
}
footer {
  background: #ccc;
}
</style>

image

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

IntersectionObserver懒加载、吸顶、触底综合(vue单文件组件实战版)

上面的例子是为了脱离框架更好的揭示IntersectionObserver的用法本质,如果在实际项目中使用,还需要考虑一些其他问题。

考虑内容如下:

<template>
  <div>
    <p class="fixed-top-helper"></p>
    <p class="fixed-top-reference"></p>

    <header>头部</header>
    <main>
      <img v-for="(image, i) in images" :key="i" src :data-img-url="image" />
    </main>
    <footer>底部</footer>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
const images = [
  'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247890587&di=88d4066be3d57ac962a6bec37e265d37&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F01.imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20170810%2F20170810151144_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e_3.jpeg',
  'https://ss3.bdstatic.com/70cFv8Sh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4054762707,1853885380&fm=26&gp=0.jpg',
  'https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1574247912077&di=508a949e5e291875debf6ca844292cd4&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F03imgmini.eastday.com%2Fmobile%2F20180827%2F20180827095359_6759372e9bd28026ee6f53b500fb4291_2.jpeg',
];
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      images,
      lazyLoad: {
        target: null,
        observer: null,
      },
      touchFooter: {
        target: null,
        observer: null,
      },
      stickHeader: {
        target: null,
        reference: null,
        observer: null,
      },
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.createLazyLoadObserver();
    this.createTouchFooterObserver();
    this.createStickHeaderObserver();
  },
  beforeDestroy() {
    this.unobserveAllIntersectionObservers();
  },
  methods: {
    /*
    * 创建懒加载observer并遍历监听所有img
    */
    createLazyLoadObserver() {
      this.lazyLoad.target = document.querySelectorAll('img');

      this.lazyLoad.observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
        entries.forEach((item) => {
          if (item.isIntersecting) {
            item.target.src = item.target.dataset.imgUrl;
          }
        });
      });

      this.lazyLoad.target.forEach((image) => {
        this.lazyLoad.observer.observe(image);
      });
    },
    /*
    * 创建触底observer并监听footer
    */
    createTouchFooterObserver() {
      this.touchFooter.target = document.querySelector('footer');

      this.touchFooter.observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
        entries.forEach((item) => {
          if (item.isIntersecting) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              console.log('滚动到了底部,可以发request请求数据了');
            }, 2000);
          }
        });
      });

      this.touchFooter.observer.observe(this.touchFooter.target);
    },
    /*
    * 创建吸顶observer并监听header
    * 创建reference首次防抖,.fixed-top-helper二次防抖
    */
    createStickHeaderObserver() {
      this.stickHeader.target = document.querySelector('header');
      this.stickHeader.reference = document.querySelector('.fixed-top-reference');
      this.stickHeader.reference.style.top = `${this.stickHeader.target.offsetTop}px`;

      this.stickHeader.observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
        entries.forEach((item) => {
          if (item.boundingClientRect.top < 0) {
            this.stickHeader.target.classList.add('fixed');
          } else {
            this.stickHeader.target.classList.remove('fixed');
          }
        });
      });

      this.stickHeader.observer.observe(this.stickHeader.reference);
    },
    /*
     * 取消observe所有监听目标
     */
    unobserveAllIntersectionObservers() {
      /* 
      * disconncet()可以取消所有observed目标
      * 如果调用unobserve取消监听,稍显冗余的代码如下:
        this.lazyLoad.target.forEach((image) => {
          this.lazyLoad.observer.unobserve(image);
        });
      */
      this.lazyLoad.observer.disconnect();
      /*
       * 由于touchFooter和stickHeader只observe了一个目标,因此单独unobserve即可
       * 当然disconnect()也是ok的
       */
      this.touchFooter.observer.unobserve(this.touchFooter.target);
      this.stickHeader.observer.unobserve(this.stickHeader.reference);
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.fixed-top-helper {
  height: 1px;
  background: #ccc;
}
header {
  background: #ccc;
  &.fixed {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
main {
  img {
    display: block;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 30px;
  }
}
footer {
  background: #ccc;
}
</style>
FrankKai commented 4 years ago

基于Intersection的开源工具 Scrollama

官方提供了Basic Process,Progress,Sticky Side,Sticky Overlay几种示例。

Basic Process

image

Progress

image

Sticky Side

image

Sticky Overlay

image

在项目中可以当做适当引用。

项目地址:https://github.com/russellgoldenberg/scrollama demo地址:https://russellgoldenberg.github.io/scrollama/basic/

FrankKai commented 4 years ago

总结

参考资料

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/IntersectionObserver https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Intersection_Observer_API https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Intersection_Observer_API/Timing_element_visibility https://juejin.im/post/5ca15c1e51882567b544ee0b https://medium.com/walmartlabs/lazy-loading-images-intersectionobserver-8c5bff730920 https://juejin.im/post/5d665133e51d4561c83e7c83 https://github.com/russellgoldenberg/scrollama