Fix CMake package discovery and streamline library setup.

[Priyanka328]

• Resolved CMake package discovery issue for external projects.
• Refactored library setup for improved modularity and organization.
• Enhanced installation process with proper targets.
• Added support for C++17 features in the library.
• Created a CMake export for the library interface to facilitate external use.

[zayenz]

Thanks for the help in reviewing @waywardmonkeys and @Dekker1.

Running the CI and will be testing locally as well.