Without tests i cannot say that all of these methods are working correctly. Cover logic with tests!
Exercises::mostPopulatedCity - getting a value from an option without additional validation can cause an unexpected exception. Use 'orElseThrow()' or 'orElse' methods before getting the value.
To prevent such unexpected exceptions - write tests on your code.
Exercises::populationOfSpecificCountry - redundant casting to stream two times. Try to make this method easier and faster
Done