Adds algo/transitive_closure

[bowei]

Transitive closure computes the transitive closure of following resource dependencies given a root set of resources.

[google-oss-prow[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

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[bowei]

@kl52752 updated please take a look

[kl52752]

/lgtm

[google-oss-prow[bot]]

@kl52752: changing LGTM is restricted to collaborators

In response to [this](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/k8s-cloud-provider/pull/139#issuecomment-1790644839): >/lgtm Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available [here](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/guide/pull-requests.md). If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the [kubernetes/test-infra](https://github.com/kubernetes/test-infra/issues/new?title=Prow%20issue:) repository.

[bowei]

/assign @swetharepakula

[swetharepakula]

/lgtm