CW efficiency improvement and bug fix, add CW binary search version, early stop PGD version, support `L0` and `Linf` for CW and CWBS, rewrite FAB attack, fix MI-FGSM bug, rewrite JSMA.

[rikonaka]

PR Type and Checklist

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• [x] FIX BUG
  • [x] CW attack calculation real error.
  • [x] Fix the other calculation error when logits are all negative numbers. Thanks to @ZaberKo for providing suggestions.
  • [x] Move CWL2 to CW, thanks to @Adversarian suggestions 😉.
  • [x] MI-FGSM code does have some problems with the code logic https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/issues/182
• [x] ADD ATTACK
  • [x] Add CWBS (binary search version of CW)
  • [x] Add L0 and Linf for CW.
  • [x] Add ESPGD (Early-Stopped PGD Version from paper Attacks Which Do Not Kill Training Make Adversarial Learning Stronger https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11242).
• [x] Other... Please describe:
  • [x] No longer use robustbench for automated testing because of the unpredictable variety of bugs, https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/issues/166, https://github.com/RobustBench/robustbench/issues/165, https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1M8zINns6rEFd09_wzhDvDvcktbffXn7D?usp=sharing, https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/actions/runs/7707665395/job/21005241730?pr=168
  • [x] Re-write FAB attack (the old FAB code is rename as AFAB), https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/issues/179 , the previous FAB code does not accomplish the targeted attack. There is a bug in the original FAB code for L1, and the code attack success rate of L2 attack is 0.
  • [x] Rewrite the EAD algorithm to make the code logically closer to the CW algorithm (they are essentially one and the same).
  • [x] Rewrite the whole code for JSMA attack, try to fix the memory problem in ImageNet https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/issues/187, but this is an impossible task, for reasons explained in ISSUES.
  • [x] Restrict numpy to versions lower than 2.0

CW attack fix

There is an obscure bug in the original CW attack code F function.

In CW original code from Carlini, the real is calculate as

https://github.com/carlini/nn_robust_attacks/blob/c6b8f6a254e82a79a52cfbc673b632cad5ea1ab1/l2_attack.py#L96

It was a sum, but in torchattacks, it become max, I discovered this problem accidentally 😋.

https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/blob/936e86d6387ef5ca57e4114d83745cdf199b46cf/torchattacks/attacks/cw.py#L136

I also reduced the large number of tensor detech() operations and view() operations in the original code, instead used index to assign tensors, its more simple and efficiency.

At the same time, I also added the binary search version of CW (CWBS), issues https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/issues/167 . Binary search can indeed significantly reduce the size of the perturbations. The red line is the value of best_L2.

I tested three cw attack algorithms L0, L2 and Linf and found that 100% attack success rate can be achieved on 50 test images.

And its pertubations is still invisible.

FAB attack fix

The original FAB code was too complicated and difficult to maintain, so I rewritten the FAB attack and split L1, L2 attacks into separate files, and I found that previous FAB code when the user specifies a target label, it does not work good with the target attack.

The old FAB code is rename as AFAB so that it could be used in autoattack.

In the FAB code forward() function

https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/blob/23620a694a3660e4f194c3e4d28992bced7785a1/torchattacks/attacks/fab.py#L84

There are no parameters for the target label, in contrast, the FAB target attack requires both labels, one for the original label and the other for the target label.

https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/blob/23620a694a3660e4f194c3e4d28992bced7785a1/torchattacks/attacks/fab.py#L127

But there is only one label entered in the entire code. If the user wants to specify the target label to be used for the attack, since there is only one label input, the computation of the code related to the target attack will actually be meaningless.

https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch/blob/23620a694a3660e4f194c3e4d28992bced7785a1/torchattacks/attacks/fab.py#L132

For example, here la=la_target, then diffy here is meaningless.

I'll try to fix this, but don't have any clue at the moment because we need to enter two labels for the attack, which conflicts with the existing framework. So first submitted the FAB attack without the target attack version now.

FAB target attack has been completed.

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[ZaberKo]

I think the calculation of other is still incorrect, which neglects that output logits could be negative numbers. cwl2.py#L146

[rikonaka]

I think the calculation of other is still incorrect, which neglects that output logits could be negative numbers. cwl2.py#L146

Thank you very much for your advice, but this other calculation is actually translated from carlini's code (Tensorflow to Pytorch). You can check it out 😁.

https://github.com/carlini/nn_robust_attacks/blob/c6b8f6a254e82a79a52cfbc673b632cad5ea1ab1/l2_attack.py#L97

And you mentioned that logits may be negative, the original author's code also directly used the value before softmax.

https://github.com/carlini/nn_robust_attacks/blob/c6b8f6a254e82a79a52cfbc673b632cad5ea1ab1/l2_attack.py#L90C33-L90C33

So this should be correct 😉.

[ZaberKo]

I think the calculation of other is still incorrect, which neglects that output logits could be negative numbers. cwl2.py#L146

Thank you very much for your advice, but this other calculation is actually translated from carlini's code (Tensorflow to Pytorch). You can check it out 😁.

https://github.com/carlini/nn_robust_attacks/blob/c6b8f6a254e82a79a52cfbc673b632cad5ea1ab1/l2_attack.py#L97

And you mentioned that logits may be negative, the original author's code also directly used the value before softmax.

https://github.com/carlini/nn_robust_attacks/blob/c6b8f6a254e82a79a52cfbc673b632cad5ea1ab1/l2_attack.py#L90C33-L90C33

So this should be correct 😉.

Thanks for the quick response. I think you misunderstand the issue. A quick fix of cwl2.py#L146 would be like:

other = torch.max((1 - one_hot_labels) * outputs - one_hot_labels*10000., dim=1)[0]

[rikonaka]

Thanks for the quick response. I think you misunderstand the issue. A quick fix of cwl2.py#L146 would be like:

other = torch.max((1 - one_hot_labels) * outputs - one_hot_labels*10000., dim=1)[0]

Good question, well, in here we will pick the maximum value of the logits except true label, so if here we only have 1 images, the outputs will be

[
[x1, x2, x3, x4]
]

Then we used the one_hot_labels to mask one positon (suppose the x3), we will got

[
[x1, x2, 0, x4]
]

So the torch.max will caculater the max value of x1, x2, 0 and x3.

In Tensorflow, the original author subtracts that value (one_hot_labels*10000) to prevent the all logits are negative (I haven't used tensorflow for a long time 🤣), this is a point that can be improved. But In pytroch, and in here logits is greater than 0.

So the situation where all logits are negative that you are worried about will not happen 😉.

[ZaberKo]

Thanks for the quick response. I think you misunderstand the issue. A quick fix of cwl2.py#L146 would be like:

other = torch.max((1 - one_hot_labels) * outputs - one_hot_labels*10000., dim=1)[0]

Good question, well, in here we will pick the maximum value of the logits except true label, so if here we only have 1 images, the outputs will be

[
[x1, x2, x3, x4]
]

Then we used the one_hot_labels to mask one positon (suppose the x3), we will got

[
[x1, x2, 0, x4]
]

So the torch.max will caculater the max value of x1, x2, 0 and x3.

In Tensorflow, the original author subtracts that value (one_hot_labels*10000) to prevent the all logits are negative (I haven't used tensorflow for a long time 🤣), this is a point that can be improved. But In pytroch, and in here logits is greater than 0.

So the situation where all logits are negative that you are worried about will not happen 😉.

However, there is no such guarantee that the output logits must be non-negtive in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods.

[rikonaka]

However, there is no such guarantee that the output logits must be non-negtive in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods.

😵‍💫 The same, there is also no such guarantee that the output logits must be negative in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods. If you can provide any evidence that the logits output of some model is all negative, it may be able to further support your argument.

[ZaberKo]

However, there is no such guarantee that the output logits must be non-negtive in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods.

😵‍💫 The same, there is also no such guarantee that the output logits must be negative in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods. If you can provide any evidence that the logits output of some model is all negative, it may be able to further support your argument.

That is not the point. The point here is that we need to cover all cases, even though some of them are rare. Here are some other implementations of CW f_func in pytorch for reference:

• imrahulr/adversarial_robustness_pytorch
• thu-ml/ares

[rikonaka]

However, there is no such guarantee that the output logits must be non-negtive in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods.

😵‍💫 The same, there is also no such guarantee that the output logits must be negative in pytorch, for arbitrary models under any training methods. If you can provide any evidence that the logits output of some model is all negative, it may be able to further support your argument.

That is not the point. The point here is that we need to cover all cases, even though some of them are rare. Here are some other implementations of CW f_func in pytorch for reference:

* [imrahulr/adversarial_robustness_pytorch](https://github.com/imrahulr/adversarial_robustness_pytorch/blob/6df6a8f0cd49cf6d18507a4b574c004ab6eedf49/core/attacks/utils.py#L212)

* [thu-ml/ares](https://github.com/thu-ml/ares/blob/306e35fe4309d791f9252bb6aab51198d2b9b511/ares/attack/cw.py#L133)

Thanks for your suggestion 👍, I will rewrite this f function quickly. Next time, please provide detailed information directly from the beginning, instead of wasting other people's time by making people guess and misunderstand of your short information.

[Adversarian]

Thanks for the effort you made to improve the implementation of CW in this library. I had one suggestion, and correct me if it is not feasible to implement, but wouldn't it be better if you aliased one of the variants of CW (e.g. CWL0 or CWLinf etc.) as CW so that this version doesn't introduce a breaking change for torchattacks.CW to preserve backward compatibility?

You could use the version of CW that was previously used (I believe CWL2 in the current implementation) as an alias to remediate this (as easily as something like CW = CWL2 for instance).

[rikonaka]

Thanks for the effort you made to improve the implementation of CW in this library. I had one suggestion, and correct me if it is not feasible to implement, but wouldn't it be better if you aliased one of the variants of CW (e.g. CWL0 or CWLinf etc.) as CW so that this version doesn't introduce a breaking change for torchattacks.CW to preserve backward compatibility?

You could use the version of CW that was previously used (I believe CWL2 in the current implementation) as an alias to remediate this (as easily as something like CW = CWL2 for instance).

Thank you very much for your suggestion. I will move CWL2 to CW now. 😉