Add SDG indicators from the SHAPE project

[danielhuppmann]

This PR copies the PR #53 and implements a number of clean-ups (given that @bs538 indicated he could not work on this over the next weeks).

See the list of commits for a clean step-by-step reporting of the changes that I implemented beyond the work done so far, trying to implement a consistent variable-naming and use of units.

A few open questions:

• what are the right units for ocean saturation?
• would it make sense to spell out MSA and BII in the variable names for clarity and readability
• why are the nitrogen variables named "Cropland Budget", and how is that related to nitrogen?
• what is V-DEM? (in the description of the indicator "Equality Before Law and Individual Liberty"

Related issues: #72 #62

FYI @IAMconsortium/common-definitions-sdg-indicators

[VassilisDaioglou]

I think some basic variables are missing:

• Terrestrial Biodiversity|BII
• Population|Clean Cooking Access
• Population|Electricity Access
• Population|Risk of Hunger
• Healthy Life Expectancy
• Unemployment Rate
• Terrestrial Biodiversity|MSA|Plants
• Terrestrial Biodiversity|MSA|Vertebrates
• Terrestrial Biodiversity|MSA|Invertebrates
• Energy Service|Transportation|Freight
• Useful Energy|Residential / Useful Energy|Commercial (currently combined as "Residential and Commercial")

I also think there is a typo on definitions/variable/sdg-indicators/tag_nitrogen-sources.yaml: Managementps

[bs538]

Thanks @danielhuppmann for taking this over (and sorry for disappearing a bit abruptly, everything was a bit of a rush prior to the start of my parental leave). Just checking in briefly to respond to your questions:

• what are the right units for ocean saturation? -> Ocean|Carbonate Saturation|Aragonite and ...|Calcite are unitless

• would it make sense to spell out MSA and BII in the variable names for clarity and readability -> agree

• why are the nitrogen variables named "Cropland Budget", and how is that related to nitrogen? -> @flohump or Isabelle Weindl (weindl@pik-potsdam.de) can help here

• what is V-DEM? (in the description of the indicator "Equality Before Law and Individual Liberty" -> It's Varieties of Democracy, a dataset on political institutions. See e.g. here: https://ssp-extensions.apps.ece.iiasa.ac.at/article/rule_of_law/

@VassilisDaioglou yes, good catch! This happened because we didn't include variables in the SHAPE "add-on" template that were already in the NAVIGATE template, and indeed in the rush it slipped my mind to comb through the NAVIGATE template again for those variables. Could you have a quick look through this file and make a PR with your variables and any other SDG indicators from there? https://github.com/iiasa/shape-internal-workflow/blob/main/definitions/variable/variable.yaml Thanks!

[danielhuppmann]

Thanks @VassilisDaioglou for adding the overlooked variables. I implemented the changes agreed by @bs538 and will open an issue on the remaining question related to cropland budget, then merge the PR.