1. Kali Linux and Windows - Commands

[JTCyberTech]

Kali Linux Commands

Beginner Linux Terminal Commands:

• ls [list, ls -al ]
• cd [chang dir, cd..]
• uname -a [OS info]
• history [also up arrow]
• sudo [super user do]
• mkdir/rmdir [create dir]
• cp/mv/rm [copy/move/del files]
• man [help or cmd --help]
• pwd [print working dir]
• echo [print to screen, > to file]
• nano [text editor, CTRL-X]
• more [show contents of file]
• find -name [find file by name]
• locate [locate after updatedb]
• ping/ifconfig [network]
• env [show all environment vars]

Intermediate Linux Terminal Commands:

• Display output like a table (| column -t):
  • mount column -t
  • cat /etc/passwd | column -t -s :
• Go back to previous directory: cd -
• Turn on aliases in your .bashrc:
  • alias Ll='ls -l'
  • alias La='ls -a'
• Run multiple commands:
  • ; (in order)
  • && (if successful)
• Reuse last argument: ! $
• Reuse last command: ! ! (e.g. sudo !!)
• Reverse text (rev): echo hello | rev
• Draw banner letters (figlet): figlet hello
• clear [also ctrl+L]
• cal [calendar] factor 24 [factors...] > filename [empty file]
• head [top of file] tail [last few lines] grep [superfind]

Basic Linux Commands

• ls = listing of all files
• ls -a = list all the files including the hidden ones
• ls -l = long listing for all in terms of directory
• ls -la = long listing for all files including hidden ones
• cd [name of the directory] = change directory
• cd .. = return back one directory
• cd = return back to the home directory
• uname -a = return what OS is running
• pwd = present working directory
• history = all command that was run in the history

File Linux Commands

• mkdir [name] = create a directory with the [name], basically create a folder
• rmdir [name] = remove a directory, basically delete a folder
• echo hello > file.txt = create a .txt name file and write "hello" in the .txt
• more file.txt = show the contents of the [file.txt], in this case, will only show "hello"
  • return: hello
• cp file.txt myfile.txt = copy "file.txt" and create another .txt call "myfile". Will have both .txt afterward
• mv myfile.txt textfile.txt = rename "myfile.txt" to "textfile.txt"
  • can also use this command to move a file into a folder; mv myfile.txt Folder1 = move myfile.txt to Folder1
• rm file.txt = remove "file.txt"
• nano textfile.txt = open up text editor
  • Ctrl + O to save, ctrl + X to exit

Helpful Linux Commands

• sudo = super user do command that allows you to do only super can do
  • sudo apt-get install python3 = install python3, only superuser can install
  • sudo service network-manager restart = restart networking services
• cd / = go to root directory
• find -name [name] = find command, find all folders containing [name] in the current directory
  • find -name Desktop = find all the user's [Desktop] folders in your current directory
• locate [name] = locate command, locate all folders containing [name] in your computer
  • locate command is an index search for files in the database.
  • locate Desktop = locate all folders that contain [Desktop]
  • If you create a new file, you have to use "updatedb" command to update the database before you can do the locate command in order for the new file to show up.
• man [command] = manual of the command
  • man locate = show the manual of locate
  • [command] --help = the same; locate --help
• env = command to list all your environment variables
  • can use echo $[variable from "env] to check stuff
  • echo $USER = check what user you log in to
  • echo $HOME = check what home directly is

Network Linux Commands

• ping [website] = network command, see if you have connectivity to the internet for the website
  • ping www.google.com = check if you can connect to google.com
  • Ctrl + c to quit
• ifconfig = interface config,
  • tells that the network is set up with the display internet address and always has a loopback address
  • eth0; inet = internet address, lo; inet = loopback address or localhost address

Intermediate Linux Commands

• mount = command that tells you all the devices that are connected
  • mount | column -t = do tab space for our column to make the mount command more readable
  • | = pipe; will take the output of one command and send it to another
  • column -t = tab space for column
• cat /etc/passwd = command that shows all of the users
  • cat /etc/passwd | column -t -s : = do tab space for our column more readable and separate each column when it have :
• cd - = takes you back to one directory that you were at
• alias [name="command"] = you can rename a command so it will be more convenient to type in the command
  • alias ll='ls -l' = When you type ll, it will automatically do the command: ls -l
  • alias will only be stored in each session, if you close kali linux then the alias will not work next time
  • can use the command "nano .bashrc" to save alias for future use
    • nano .bashrc then scroll down to the aliases section and customize it
• ; = separate multiple commands
  • "command 1" ; "command 2" = will execute command 1 first then do command 2
  • sleep 5 ; echo "hello" = wait 5 seconds then write hello
• && = do the first command then do the second command only if the first command does not error out
• !$ = reuse last argument
  • column -t
  • use: column !$; will output; column -t
• !! = reuse last command
  • if a command needs sudo to use; "service network-manager restart"; it will not work
  • can use: sudo !!; this will make !! = last command, so it will become; "sudo service network-manager restart"
• echo hello | rev = write "hello" in reverse
  • return: olleh
• figlet hello = Draw banner for "hello"
• clear or ctrl+L = clear the whole command line
• cal = show this month's calendar
• factor 24 = quickly calculate the prime factor of 24
• "[command] > filename" = put a command in a file
  • "echo hello > filename" = write hello in the filename
• head = read the first 10 lines of a file
  • head file.txt
• tail = read the last 10 lines of a file
  • tail file.txt
• grep = super find, find one line in a file
  • grep "hello" file.txt

Windows Commands

Beginner Windows Commands

• dir [list files in directory]
• cd [chang dir, cd ..]
• ver [OS info]
• doskey /h [also up arrow]
• mkdir/rmdir [also md/rd]
• copy/move/del [copy files]
• help [help or cmd /?]
• cd [print current dir]
• echo [print to screen, > to file]
• notepad [text editor]
• more [show contents of file]
• ping [ping an address/host]
• ipconfig [network info]
• set [show all environment vars]
• NO sudo [run cmd as administrator]
• NO find [no exact equivalent]

Basic Windows Commands

• dir = command to list files in the directory
  • similar to the ls -l command on Kali Linux
• dir /w = command to list files in the directory in the default listing of Kali Linux
  • similar to the ls command on Kali Linux
• cd = change directory, same as Kali Linux
  • cd Desktop
• cls = command for clear
  • similar to clear or Ctrl + L on Kali Linux
• cd .. = back up into one layer of the directory
• cd / = takes to the root of the directory
• ver = command to check the version of the Virtual Machine
• hostname = command to check the hostname
• doskey /h = command to show all the history commands since you log in this session
  • similar to the history command in Kali Linux

File Window Commands

• echo hello > textfile.txt = create a .txt name [textfile] and write "hello" in the .txt
• notepad textfile.txt = text editor for textfile, brings up notepad
• more textfile.txt = show the contents of the [textfile.txt]
• mkdir [name] = create a directory with the [name], basically create a folder
  • can also use md for the command; "mkdir myFiles" or "md myFiles"
• rmdir [name] = remove a directory, basically delete a folder
  • can also use rd for the command; "rmdir myFiles" or "rd myFiles"
• move textfile.txt myFiles/ = move textfile.txt to myFiles directory
  • can use the move command to rename; move textfiles.txt silly.txt = rename textfiles.txt to silly.txt
  • similar to the mv command in Kali Linux
• copy silly.txt mytext.txt = copy silly.txt into another .txt [mytext.txt] and have 2 files with different names
  • similar to the cp command in Kali Linux
• del silly.txt = delete the silly.txt
  • similar to the rm command in Kali Linux

Helpful Windows Commands + Network Commands

• help [command] = show the manual of the command; help copy
  • [command] /? = the same; copy /?
• ping [website] = network command, see if you have connectivity to the internet for the website
  • ping www.google.com = check if you can connect to google.com
• ipconfig = interface config
  • similar to the ifconfig command in Kali Linux
• ipconfig /renew = reconnect network adapter
• set = command to list all your environment variables
  • similar to the env command in Kali Linux
  • can use cd [environment variables] to change directory
  • cd %USERPROFILE% = change directory to user
  • echo %USERPROFILE% = return what directory is %USERPROFILE%