sindresorhus/execa (execa)
### [`v9.0.0`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/releases/tag/v9.0.0)
[Compare Source](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/compare/v8.0.1...v9.0.0)
This major release brings many important features including:
- [Split the output](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#3a26) into lines, or [progressively iterate](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#3a26) over them.
- [Transform or filter](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#cbd6) the input/output using [simple functions](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#399a).
- Print the output [to the terminal](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#693f) while still retrieving it programmatically.
- Redirect the input/output [from/to a file](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#693f).
- [Advanced piping](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#ec17) between multiple subprocesses.
- Improved [verbose mode](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#2913), for debugging.
- More [detailed errors](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#40d7), including when [terminating subprocesses](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#668c).
- Enhanced [template string syntax](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#725b).
- [Global/shared options](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#bcbf).
- [Web streams](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#5731) and Transform streams support.
- [Convert the subprocess](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#47b9) to a stream.
- [New documentation](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa#documentation) with many examples.
Please check the [release post](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f) for a high-level overview! For the full list of breaking changes, features and bug fixes, please read below.
Thanks [@younggglcy](https://togithub.com/younggglcy), [@koshic](https://togithub.com/koshic), [@am0o0](https://togithub.com/am0o0) and [@codesmith-emmy](https://togithub.com/codesmith-emmy) for your help!
***
One of the maintainers [@ehmicky](https://togithub.com/ehmicky) is looking for a remote full-time position. Specialized in Node.js back-ends and CLIs, he led Netlify [Build](https://www.netlify.com/platform/core/build/), [Plugins](https://www.netlify.com/integrations/) and Configuration for 2.5 years. Feel free to contact him on [his website](https://www.mickael-hebert.com) or on [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mickaelhebert/)!
***
#### Breaking changes
- Minimal supported Node.js version is now `18.19.0`. ([`834e372`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/commit/834e3726))
- When the [`encoding` option](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) is `'buffer'`, the output ([`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout), [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr), [`result.all`](docs/api.md#resultall)) is now an [`Uint8Array`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array) instead of a [`Buffer`](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#class-buffer). For more information, see [this blog post](https://sindresorhus.com/blog/goodbye-nodejs-buffer). (by [@younggglcy](https://togithub.com/younggglcy)) ([#586](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/586))
```js
const {stdout} = await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'});
console.log(stdout); // This is now an Uint8Array
```
- Renamed some of the allowed values for the [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) option. ([#586](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/586), [#928](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/928))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: null});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf-8'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf8'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'UTF8'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf8'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf-16le'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'ucs2'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'ucs-2'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'binary'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'latin1'});
```
- Passing a file path to `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` has been removed. Instead, a [`{file: './path'}` object](docs/output.md#file-output) should be passed to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#752](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/752))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout('output.txt');
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdout: {file: 'output.txt'}});
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr('output.txt');
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stderr: {file: 'output.txt'}});
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll('output.txt');
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {
+ stdout: {file: 'output.txt'},
+ stderr: {file: 'output.txt'},
+});
```
- Passing a [writable stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamwritable) to `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` has been removed. Instead, the stream should be passed to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. If the stream [does not have a file descriptor](docs/streams.md#file-descriptors), [`['pipe', stream]`](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) should be passed instead. ([#752](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/752))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout(stream);
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdout: ['pipe', stream]});
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr(stream);
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stderr: ['pipe', stream]});
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll(stream);
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {
+ stdout: ['pipe', stream],
+ stderr: ['pipe', stream],
+});
```
- The `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` methods have been renamed to [`subprocess.pipe()`](docs/api.md#subprocesspipefile-arguments-options). The command and its arguments can be passed to `subprocess.pipe()` directly, without calling `execa()` a second time. The [`from`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsfrom) piping option can specify `'stdout'` (the default value), `'stderr'` or `'all'`. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout(execa('node', ['other.js']));
+ await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js']);
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr(execa('node', ['other.js']));
+ await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js'], {from: 'stderr'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll(execa('node', ['other.js']));
+ await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js'], {from: 'all'});
```
- Renamed the `signal` option to [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal). ([#880](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/880))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {signal: abortController.signal});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {cancelSignal: abortController.signal});
```
- Renamed `error.killed` to [`error.isTerminated`](docs/api.md#erroristerminated). ([#625](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/625))
```diff
try {
await execa('node', ['file.js']);
} catch (error) {
- if (error.killed) {
+ if (error.isTerminated) {
// ...
}
}
```
- `subprocess.cancel()` has been removed. Please use either [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) or the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) option instead. ([#711](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/711))
```diff
- subprocess.cancel();
+ subprocess.kill();
```
- Renamed the `forceKillAfterTimeout` option to [`forceKillAfterDelay`](docs/api.md#optionsforcekillafterdelay). Also, it is now passed to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) instead of [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error). ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714), [#723](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/723))
```diff
- const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js']);
- subprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {forceKillAfterTimeout: 1000});
+ const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {forceKillAfterDelay: 1000});
+ subprocess.kill('SIGTERM');
```
- The [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option is now a string enum instead of a boolean. `false` has been renamed to `'none'` and `true` has been renamed to [`'short'`](docs/debugging.md#short-mode). ([#884](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/884))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: false});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: 'none'});
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: true});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: 'short'});
```
- The `execPath` option has been renamed to [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath). It is now a noop unless the [`node`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option is `true`. Also, it now works even if the [`preferLocal`](docs/api.md#optionspreferlocal) option is `false`. ([#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815))
```diff
- await execa('node', ['file.js'], {execPath: './path/to/node'});
+ await execa('node', ['file.js'], {nodePath: './path/to/node'});
```
- The [default value](docs/ipc.md#message-type) for the [`serialization`](docs/api.md#optionsserialization) option is now [`'advanced'`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#advanced-serialization) instead of `'json'`. In particular, when calling [`subprocess.send(object)`](docs/api.md#subprocesssendmessage) with an object that contains functions or symbols, those were previously silently removed. Now this will throw an exception. ([#905](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/905))
```diff
- subprocess.send({example: true, getExample() {}});
+ subprocess.send({example: true});
```
- If [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout), [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr) or [`subprocess.all`](docs/api.md#subprocessall) is manually piped, the [`.pipe()`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#readablepipedestination-options) call must now happen as soon as `subprocess` is created. Otherwise, the output at the beginning of the subprocess might be missing. ([#658](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/658), [#747](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/747))
```diff
const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js']);
- setTimeout(() => {
subprocess.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
- }, 0);
```
- Signals passed to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) and to the [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) option cannot be lowercase anymore. ([#1025](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1025))
```diff
- const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {killSignal: 'sigterm'});
+ const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {killSignal: 'SIGTERM'});
- subprocess.kill('sigterm');
+ subprocess.kill('SIGTERM');
```
#### Features
##### Execution
- Use the [template string syntax](docs/execution.md#template-string-syntax) with any method (including [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execacommand)), as opposed to only [`$`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options). Conversely, `$` can now use the [regular array syntax](docs/scripts.md#template-string-syntax). ([#933](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/933))
- A command's template string can span [multiple lines](docs/execution.md#multiple-lines). ([#843](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/843))
- [Share options](docs/execution.md#globalshared-options) between multiple calls, or set global options, by using [`execa(options)`](docs/api#execaoptions). ([#933](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/933), [#965](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/965))
- Pass a file URL (as opposed to a file path string) to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options), [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options), the [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) option, the [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath) option or the [`shell`](docs/api.md#optionsshell) option. ([#630](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/630), [#631](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/631), [#632](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/632), [#635](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/635))
##### Text lines
- [Split the output](docs/lines.md#simple-splitting) into text lines by using the [`lines`](docs/api.md#optionslines) option. ([#741](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/741), [#929](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/929), [#931](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/931), [#948](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/948), [#951](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/951), [#957](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/957))
- Subprocess is now an [async iterable](docs/api.md#subprocesssymbolasynciterator), [iterating over the output](docs/lines.md#progressive-splitting) lines while the subprocess is running. ([#923](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/923))
##### Piping multiple subprocesses
- Simpler syntax: pass the [command directly](docs/pipe.md#array-syntax) to [`subprocess.pipe()`](docs/api.md#subprocesspipefile-arguments-options) without calling [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options). A [template string](docs/pipe.md#template-string-syntax) can also be used. ([#840](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/840), [#859](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/859), [#864](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/864))
- [Wait for both subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#result) to complete. [Error handling](docs/pipe.md#errors) has been improved too. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757), [#778](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/778), [#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#854](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/854))
- Retrieve the [result](docs/pipe.md#result) of each subprocess (not only the last one) by using [`result.pipedFrom`](docs/api.md#resultpipedfrom) and [`error.pipedFrom`](docs/api.md#resultpipedfrom). ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834))
- Pipe 1 or [many subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#multiple-sources-1-destination) to 1 or [many subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#1-source-multiple-destinations). ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834))
- Pipe subprocesses using [other file descriptors](docs/pipe.md#source-file-descriptor) than `stdin`/`stdout`/`stderr` by using the [`from`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsfrom) and [`to`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsto) piping options. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757), [#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#903](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/903), [#920](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/920))
- [Cancel piping](docs/pipe.md#unpipe) subprocesses by using the [`unpipeSignal`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsunpipesignal) piping option. ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#852](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/852))
##### Input/output
- Pass an array with [multiple values](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) and [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) options. For example, [`stdout: ['inherit', 'pipe']`](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) prints the output [to the terminal](docs/output.md#terminal-output) while still [returning it](docs/output.md#stdout-and-stderr) as [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout). ([#643](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/643), [#765](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/765), [#941](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/941), [#954](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/954))
- Redirect the [input](docs/input.md#file-input)/[output](docs/output.md#file-output) from/to a file by passing a `{file: './path'}` object or a file URL to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#610](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/610), [#614](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/614), [#621](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/621), [#671](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/671), [#1004](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1004))
- [Transform](docs/transform.md) or [filter](docs/transform.md#filtering) the input/output by passing a generator function to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#693](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/693), [#697](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/697), [#698](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/698), [#699](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/699), [#709](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/709), [#736](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/736), [#737](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/737), [#739](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/739), [#740](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/740), [#746](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/746), [#748](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/748), [#755](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/755), [#756](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/756), [#780](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/780), [#783](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/783), [#867](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/867), [#915](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/915), [#916](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/916), [#917](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/917), [#919](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/919), [#924](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/924), [#926](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/926), [#945](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/945), [#969](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/969))
- Provide some [binary input](docs/binary.md#binary-input) by passing an [`Uint8Array`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array) to the [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput) or [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin) option. ([`834e372`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/commit/834e3726), [#670](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/670), [#1029](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1029))
- Provide some [progressive input](docs/streams.md#iterables-as-input) by passing a sync/async [iterable](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Iteration_protocols#the_async_iterator_and_async_iterable_protocols) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin) option. ([#604](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/604), [#944](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/944))
- Provide [multiple inputs](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) by combining the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput) and [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) options. ([#666](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/666))
- Return [other file descriptors](docs/output.md#additional-file-descriptors) than [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) by using [`result.stdio`](docs/api.md#resultstdio). ([#676](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/676))
- [Specify different values](docs/output.md#stdoutstderr-specific-options) for [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) and [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) with the following options: [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose), [`lines`](docs/api.md#optionslines), [`stripFinalNewline`](docs/api.md#optionsstripfinalnewline), [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer), [`buffer`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer). ([#966](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/966), [#970](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/970), [#971](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/971), [#972](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/972), [#973](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/973), [#974](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/974))
##### Streams
- Redirect the input/output from/to a [web stream](docs/streams.md#web-streams) by passing a [`ReadableStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/ReadableStream) or [`WritableStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WritableStream) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#615](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/615), [#619](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/619), [#645](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/645))
- [Transform or filter](docs/transform.md#duplextransform-streams) the input/output by passing a [`Duplex`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamduplex), Node.js [`Transform`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamtransform) or web [`TransformStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TransformStream) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#937](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/937), [#938](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/938))
- [Convert the subprocess](docs/streams.md#converting-a-subprocess-to-a-stream) to a stream by using [`subprocess.readable()`](docs/api.md#subprocessreadablereadableoptions), [`subprocess.writable()`](docs/api.md#subprocesswritablewritableoptions) or [`subprocess.duplex()`](docs/api.md#subprocessduplexduplexoptions). ([#912](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/912), [#922](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/922), [#958](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/958))
##### Verbose mode
- Print the subprocess' [completion, duration and errors](docs/debugging.md#short-mode) with the [`verbose: 'short'`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) or `verbose: 'full'` option. ([#887](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/887), [#890](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/890))
- Print the subprocess' [output](docs/debugging.md#full-mode) with the [`verbose: 'full'`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option. ([#884](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/884), [#950](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/950), [#962](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/962), [#990](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/990))
- Prettier formatting and [colors](docs/debugging.md#colors) with the [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option. ([#883](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/883), [#893](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/893), [#894](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/894))
##### Debugging
- Retrieve the subprocess' [duration](docs/debugging.md#duration) by using [`result.durationMs`](docs/api.md#resultdurationms) and [`error.durationMs`](docs/api.md#resultdurationms). ([#896](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/896))
- Retrieve the subprocess' [current directory](docs/environment.md#current-directory) by using [`result.cwd`](docs/api.md#resultcwd). Previously only [`error.cwd`](docs/api.md#execaerror) was available. Also, `result.cwd` and `error.cwd` are now normalized to absolute file paths. ([#803](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/803))
- Printing [`result.escapedCommand`](docs/api.md#resultescapedcommand) in a terminal [is now safe](docs/debugging.md#command). ([#875](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/875))
##### Errors
- The [`ExecaError`](docs/api.md#execaerror) and [`ExecaSyncError`](docs/api.md#execasyncerror) classes [are now exported](docs/errors.md#subprocess-failure). ([#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911))
- Find the subprocess failure's [root cause](docs/termination.md#error-message-and-stack-trace) by using [`error.cause`](docs/api.md#errorcause). ([#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911))
- Know whether [the subprocess failed](docs/errors.md#failure-reason) due to the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) option by using [`error.isMaxBuffer`](docs/api.md#errorismaxbuffer). ([#963](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/963))
- Improved [`error.message`](docs/api.md#errormessage): [`error.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`error.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) are now [interleaved](docs/output.md#interleaved-output) if the [`all`](docs/api.md#optionsall) option is `true`. [Additional file descriptors](docs/output.md#additional-file-descriptors) are now printed too. Also, the [formatting](docs/errors.md#error-message) has been improved. ([#676](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/676), [#705](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/705), [#991](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/991), [#992](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/992))
- [Control characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_character) in [`error.message`](docs/api.md#errormessage) are now escaped, so they don't result in visual bugs when printed in a terminal. ([#879](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/879))
- Improved stack trace when an [`error`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#event-error\_1) event is emitted on [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) or [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr). ([#814](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/814))
##### Termination
- Specify an [error message or stack trace](docs/termination.md#error-message-and-stack-trace) when terminating a subprocess by passing an error instance to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillerror). ([#811](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/811), [#836](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/836), [#1023](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1023))
- The [`forceKillAfterDelay`](docs/api.md#optionsforcekillafterdelay) and [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) options [now apply to terminations](docs/termination.md#default-signal) due not only to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) but [also to](docs/termination.md#forceful-termination) the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal), [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout), [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) and [`cleanup`](docs/api.md#optionscleanup) options. ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714), [#728](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/728))
##### Node.js files
- Use the [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath) and [`nodeOptions`](docs/api.md#optionsnodeoptions) options with [any method](docs/api.md#methods), as opposed to only [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options), by passing the [`node: true`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option. ([#804](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/804), [#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815))
- When using [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options) or the [`node: true`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option, the [current Node.js version](docs/node.md#nodejs-version) is now inherited deeply. If the subprocess spawns other subprocesses, they will all use the [same Node.js version](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath). ([#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815), [#1011](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1011))
##### Synchronous execution
- Use the [`all`](docs/api.md#optionsall) and [`buffer: false`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) options with [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options), as opposed to only [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options). ([#953](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/953), [#956](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/956))
- Added the [`$.s`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options) alias for [`$.sync`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options). ([#594](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/594))
##### Inter-process communication
- Use the [`ipc: true`](docs/api.md#optionsipc) option, as [opposed to the more verbose](docs/ipc.md#exchanging-messages) [`stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe', 'ipc']`](docs/api.md#optionsstdio) option. ([#794](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/794))
##### Input validation
- Improved the validation of the [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput), [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout), [`cwd`](docs/api.md#optionscwd), [`detached`](docs/api.md#optionsdetached), [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) and [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) options. ([#668](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/668), [#715](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/715), [#803](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/803), [#928](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/928), [#940](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/940))
- Improved the validation of the arguments passed to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) and the [other exported methods](docs/api.md#methods). ([#838](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/838), [#873](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/873), [#899](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/899))
- Improved the validation of signals passed to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) and to the [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) option. ([#1025](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1025))
#### Bug fixes
- Fixed passing `undefined` values as [options](docs/api.md#options). This now uses the option's default value. ([#712](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/712))
- Fixed the process crashing when the [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) option points to a missing file. ([#609](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/609))
- Fixed the process crashing when the [`buffer`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) option is `false` and [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) [errors](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#event-error\_1). ([#729](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/729))
- Fixed the process crashing when passing [`'overlapped'`](docs/windows.md#asynchronous-io) to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option with [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options). ([#949](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/949))
- Fixed the process crashing when multiple [`'error'`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#event-error) events are emitted on the subprocess. ([#790](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/790))
- Fixed the [`reject: false`](docs/api.md#optionsreject) option not being used when the subprocess [fails to spawn](docs/errors.md#failure-reason). ([#734](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/734))
- Fixed [some inaccuracies](docs/errors.md#failure-reason) with [`error.isTerminated`](docs/api.md#erroristerminated). ([#625](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/625), [#719](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/719))
- It is now `true` when the subprocess fails due to the [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout) option.
- It is now `true` when calling [`process.kill(subprocess.pid)`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processkillpid-signal), except on Windows.
- It is now `false` when using [non-terminating signals](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#subprocesskillsignal) such as `subprocess.kill(0)`.
- Fixed missing [`error.signal`](docs/api.md#errorsignal) and [`error.signalDescription`](docs/api.md#errorsignaldescription) when the subprocess [is terminated](docs/termination.md#canceling) by the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) option. ([#724](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/724))
- Fixed a situation where the [error](docs/api.md#execaerror) returned by an [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) call might be modified by another `execa()` call. ([#796](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/796), [#806](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/806), [#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911))
- Fixed the [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option [printing the command](docs/debugging.md#short-mode) in the wrong order. ([#600](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/600))
- Fixed using both the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) and [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) options. For example, when using [`encoding: 'hex'`](docs/binary.md#encoding), `maxBuffer` will now be measured in hexadecimal characters. Also, [`error.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout), [`error.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) and [`error.all`](docs/api.md#resultall) were previously not applying the `maxBuffer` option. ([#652](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/652), [#696](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/696))
- Fixed the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) option [not truncating](docs/output.md#big-output) [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) when using [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options). ([#960](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/960))
- Fixed empty output when using the [`buffer: true`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) option (its default value) and [iterating](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#readablesymbolasynciterator) over [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) or [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr). ([#908](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/908))
- Fixed [`subprocess.all`](docs/api.md#subprocessall) stream incorrectly being in [object mode](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#object-mode). ([#717](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/717))
- Ensured [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) and [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr) are properly [flushed](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#buffering) when the subprocess fails. ([#647](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/647))
- Fixed a race condition leading to random behavior with the [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout) option. ([#727](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/727))
#### Types (breaking changes)
- Renamed `CommonOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`SyncOptions`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#678](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/678), [#682](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/682))
```diff
import type {Options} from 'execa';
- const options: CommonOptions = {timeout: 1000};
+ const options: Options = {timeout: 1000};
```
- Renamed `NodeOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts). ([#804](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/804))
```diff
import type {Options} from 'execa';
- const options: NodeOptions = {nodeOptions: ['--no-warnings']};
+ const options: Options = {nodeOptions: ['--no-warnings']};
```
- Renamed `KillOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts). ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714))
```diff
import type {Options} from 'execa';
- const options: KillOptions = {forceKillAfterTimeout: 1000};
+ const options: Options = {forceKillAfterDelay: 1000};
```
- Removed generic parameters from the [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) and [`SyncOptions`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) types. ([#681](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/681))
```diff
import type {Options} from 'execa';
- const options: Options<'utf8'> = {encoding: 'utf8'};
+ const options: Options = {encoding: 'utf8'};
```
- Renamed `ExecaChildProcess` type to [`ResultPromise`](types/subprocess/subprocess.d.ts). This is the type of [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)'s [return value](docs/api.md#return-value), which is both a [`Promise`](docs/api.md#result) and a [`Subprocess`](docs/api.md#subprocess). ([#897](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/897), [#1007](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1007), [#1009](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1009))
```diff
import type {ResultPromise, Result} from 'execa';
- const promiseOrSubprocess: ExecaChildProcess = execa('node', ['file.js']);
+ const promiseOrSubprocess: ResultPromise = execa('node', ['file.js']);
const result: Result = await promiseOrSubprocess;
promiseOrSubprocess.kill();
```
- Renamed `ExecaChildPromise` type to [`Subprocess`](types/subprocess/subprocess.d.ts). This is the type of the [subprocess instance](docs/api.md#subprocess). ([#897](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/897), [#1007](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1007), [#1009](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1009))
```diff
import type {Subprocess} from 'execa';
- const subprocess: ExecaChildPromise = execa('node', ['file.js']);
+ const subprocess: Subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js']);
subprocess.kill();
```
- Renamed `ExecaReturnBase`, `ExecaReturnValue` and `ExecaSyncReturnValue` type to [`Result`](types/return/result.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`SyncResult`](types/return/result.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#897](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/897), [#1009](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1009))
```diff
import type {Result, SyncResult} from 'execa';
- const result: ExecaReturnBase = await execa('node', ['file.js']);
+ const result: Result = await execa('node', ['file.js']);
- const result: ExecaReturnValue = await execa('node', ['file.js']);
+ const result: Result = await execa('node', ['file.js']);
- const result: ExecaSyncReturnValue = execaSync('node', ['file.js']);
+ const result: SyncResult = execaSync('node', ['file.js']);
```
- Renamed the type of the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin) option from `StdioOption` to [`StdinOption`](types/stdio/type.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`StdinSyncOption`](types/stdio/type.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#942](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/942), [#1008](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1008), [#1012](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1012))
```diff
import {execa, type StdinOption} from 'execa';
- const stdin: StdioOption = 'inherit';
+ const stdin: StdinOption = 'inherit';
await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdin});
```
- Renamed the type of the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) and [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) options from `StdioOption` to [`StdoutStderrOption`](types/stdio/type.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`StdoutStderrSyncOption`](types/stdio/type.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#942](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/942), [#1008](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1008), [#1012](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1012))
```diff
import {execa, type StdoutStderrOption} from 'execa';
- const stdout: StdioOption = 'inherit';
+ const stdout: StdoutStderrOption = 'inherit';
- const stderr: StdioOption = 'inherit';
+ const stderr: StdoutStderrOption = 'inherit';
await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdout, stderr});
```
- Renamed the type of the [`stdio`](docs/api.md#optionsstdio) option from `StdioOption[]` to [`Options['stdio']`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`SyncOptions['stdio']`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#942](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/942), [#1008](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1008))
```diff
import {execa, type Options} from 'execa';
- const stdio: readonly StdioOption[] = ['inherit', 'pipe', 'pipe'] as const;
+ const stdio: Options['stdio'] = ['inherit', 'pipe', 'pipe'] as const;
await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdio});
```
- The optional generic parameter passed to the [`Result`](types/return/result.d.ts), [`SyncResult`](types/return/result.d.ts), [`ExecaError`](types/return/final-error.d.ts), [`ExecaSyncError`](types/return/final-error.d.ts), [`ResultPromise`](types/subprocess/subprocess.d.ts) and [`Subprocess`](types/subprocess/subprocess.d.ts) types is now an [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) type. ([#681](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/681))
```diff
import type {Result} from 'execa';
- const result: ExecaReturnValue = await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'});
+ const result: Result<{encoding: 'buffer'}> = await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'});
// Or even better, since it is inferred:
+ const result: Result = await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'});
```
#### Types (improvements)
- Stricter types for the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout), [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) and [`stdio`](docs/api.md#optionsstdio) options. ([#634](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/634), [#943](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/943), [#952](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/952))
- Stricter types for [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout), [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr), [`result.all`](docs/api.md#resultall), [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout), [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr) and [`subprocess.all`](docs/api.md#subprocessall). ([#681](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/681), [#684](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/684), [#687](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/687), [#689](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/689), [#833](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/833))
- Stricter types for the [synchronous methods](docs/execution.md#synchronous-execution) like [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options). ([#678](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/678), [#939](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/939))
- Stricter types for the [`reject`](docs/api.md#optionsreject) option. ([#688](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/688))
- Stricter types for [`error.signal`](docs/api.md#errorsignal) and the [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) option. ([#1025](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1025))
- Fixed the type of [`error.exitCode`](docs/api.md#errorexitcode), since that field is sometimes `undefined`. ([#680](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/680))
- Refactored and improved the types. (by [@koshic](https://togithub.com/koshic)) ([#583](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/583))
#### Documentation
- Added [user guides](readme.md#documentation) to let you explore each feature with many examples. ([#989](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/989), [#996](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/996), [#1015](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1015), [#1022](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1022), [#1026](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1026))
- Improved the [documentation](readme.md#documentation) and fixed inaccuracies. ([#626](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/626), [#637](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/637), [#640](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/640), [#641](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/641), [#644](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/644), [#669](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/669), [#680](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/680), [#710](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/710), [#759](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/759), [#800](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/800), [#801](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/801), [#802](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/802), [#860](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/860), [#870](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/870), [#876](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/876), [#888](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/888), [#907](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/907), [#921](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/921), [#935](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/935), [#967](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/967), [#968](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/968), [#994](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/994), [#998](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/998), [#999](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/999), [#1000](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1000), [#1003](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1003), [#1005](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1005), [#1006](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1006), [#1010](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1010))
- Fixed the examples for the [Script interface](docs/bash.md). (by [@am0o0](https://togithub.com/am0o0)) ([#575](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/575))
- Corrected some English grammar mistakes. (by [@codesmith-emmy](https://togithub.com/codesmith-emmy)) ([#731](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/731))
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This PR contains the following updates:
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->^9.0.0
Release Notes
sindresorhus/execa (execa)
### [`v9.0.0`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/releases/tag/v9.0.0) [Compare Source](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/compare/v8.0.1...v9.0.0) This major release brings many important features including: - [Split the output](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#3a26) into lines, or [progressively iterate](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#3a26) over them. - [Transform or filter](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#cbd6) the input/output using [simple functions](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#399a). - Print the output [to the terminal](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#693f) while still retrieving it programmatically. - Redirect the input/output [from/to a file](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#693f). - [Advanced piping](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#ec17) between multiple subprocesses. - Improved [verbose mode](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#2913), for debugging. - More [detailed errors](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#40d7), including when [terminating subprocesses](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#668c). - Enhanced [template string syntax](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#725b). - [Global/shared options](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#bcbf). - [Web streams](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#5731) and Transform streams support. - [Convert the subprocess](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f#47b9) to a stream. - [New documentation](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa#documentation) with many examples. Please check the [release post](https://medium.com/@ehmicky/execa-9-release-d0d5daaa097f) for a high-level overview! For the full list of breaking changes, features and bug fixes, please read below. Thanks [@younggglcy](https://togithub.com/younggglcy), [@koshic](https://togithub.com/koshic), [@am0o0](https://togithub.com/am0o0) and [@codesmith-emmy](https://togithub.com/codesmith-emmy) for your help! *** One of the maintainers [@ehmicky](https://togithub.com/ehmicky) is looking for a remote full-time position. Specialized in Node.js back-ends and CLIs, he led Netlify [Build](https://www.netlify.com/platform/core/build/), [Plugins](https://www.netlify.com/integrations/) and Configuration for 2.5 years. Feel free to contact him on [his website](https://www.mickael-hebert.com) or on [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mickaelhebert/)! *** #### Breaking changes - Minimal supported Node.js version is now `18.19.0`. ([`834e372`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/commit/834e3726)) - When the [`encoding` option](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) is `'buffer'`, the output ([`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout), [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr), [`result.all`](docs/api.md#resultall)) is now an [`Uint8Array`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array) instead of a [`Buffer`](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#class-buffer). For more information, see [this blog post](https://sindresorhus.com/blog/goodbye-nodejs-buffer). (by [@younggglcy](https://togithub.com/younggglcy)) ([#586](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/586)) ```js const {stdout} = await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'}); console.log(stdout); // This is now an Uint8Array ``` - Renamed some of the allowed values for the [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) option. ([#586](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/586), [#928](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/928)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: null}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'buffer'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf-8'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf8'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'UTF8'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf8'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf-16le'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'ucs2'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'ucs-2'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'utf16le'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'binary'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {encoding: 'latin1'}); ``` - Passing a file path to `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` has been removed. Instead, a [`{file: './path'}` object](docs/output.md#file-output) should be passed to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#752](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/752)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout('output.txt'); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdout: {file: 'output.txt'}}); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr('output.txt'); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stderr: {file: 'output.txt'}}); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll('output.txt'); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], { + stdout: {file: 'output.txt'}, + stderr: {file: 'output.txt'}, +}); ``` - Passing a [writable stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamwritable) to `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` has been removed. Instead, the stream should be passed to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. If the stream [does not have a file descriptor](docs/streams.md#file-descriptors), [`['pipe', stream]`](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) should be passed instead. ([#752](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/752)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout(stream); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stdout: ['pipe', stream]}); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr(stream); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {stderr: ['pipe', stream]}); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll(stream); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], { + stdout: ['pipe', stream], + stderr: ['pipe', stream], +}); ``` - The `subprocess.pipeStdout()`, `subprocess.pipeStderr()` and `subprocess.pipeAll()` methods have been renamed to [`subprocess.pipe()`](docs/api.md#subprocesspipefile-arguments-options). The command and its arguments can be passed to `subprocess.pipe()` directly, without calling `execa()` a second time. The [`from`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsfrom) piping option can specify `'stdout'` (the default value), `'stderr'` or `'all'`. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStdout(execa('node', ['other.js'])); + await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js']); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeStderr(execa('node', ['other.js'])); + await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js'], {from: 'stderr'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipeAll(execa('node', ['other.js'])); + await execa('node', ['file.js']).pipe('node', ['other.js'], {from: 'all'}); ``` - Renamed the `signal` option to [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal). ([#880](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/880)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {signal: abortController.signal}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {cancelSignal: abortController.signal}); ``` - Renamed `error.killed` to [`error.isTerminated`](docs/api.md#erroristerminated). ([#625](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/625)) ```diff try { await execa('node', ['file.js']); } catch (error) { - if (error.killed) { + if (error.isTerminated) { // ... } } ``` - `subprocess.cancel()` has been removed. Please use either [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) or the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) option instead. ([#711](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/711)) ```diff - subprocess.cancel(); + subprocess.kill(); ``` - Renamed the `forceKillAfterTimeout` option to [`forceKillAfterDelay`](docs/api.md#optionsforcekillafterdelay). Also, it is now passed to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) instead of [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error). ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714), [#723](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/723)) ```diff - const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js']); - subprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {forceKillAfterTimeout: 1000}); + const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {forceKillAfterDelay: 1000}); + subprocess.kill('SIGTERM'); ``` - The [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option is now a string enum instead of a boolean. `false` has been renamed to `'none'` and `true` has been renamed to [`'short'`](docs/debugging.md#short-mode). ([#884](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/884)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: false}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: 'none'}); - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: true}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {verbose: 'short'}); ``` - The `execPath` option has been renamed to [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath). It is now a noop unless the [`node`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option is `true`. Also, it now works even if the [`preferLocal`](docs/api.md#optionspreferlocal) option is `false`. ([#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815)) ```diff - await execa('node', ['file.js'], {execPath: './path/to/node'}); + await execa('node', ['file.js'], {nodePath: './path/to/node'}); ``` - The [default value](docs/ipc.md#message-type) for the [`serialization`](docs/api.md#optionsserialization) option is now [`'advanced'`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#advanced-serialization) instead of `'json'`. In particular, when calling [`subprocess.send(object)`](docs/api.md#subprocesssendmessage) with an object that contains functions or symbols, those were previously silently removed. Now this will throw an exception. ([#905](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/905)) ```diff - subprocess.send({example: true, getExample() {}}); + subprocess.send({example: true}); ``` - If [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout), [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr) or [`subprocess.all`](docs/api.md#subprocessall) is manually piped, the [`.pipe()`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#readablepipedestination-options) call must now happen as soon as `subprocess` is created. Otherwise, the output at the beginning of the subprocess might be missing. ([#658](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/658), [#747](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/747)) ```diff const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js']); - setTimeout(() => { subprocess.stdout.pipe(process.stdout); - }, 0); ``` - Signals passed to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) and to the [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) option cannot be lowercase anymore. ([#1025](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1025)) ```diff - const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {killSignal: 'sigterm'}); + const subprocess = execa('node', ['file.js'], {killSignal: 'SIGTERM'}); - subprocess.kill('sigterm'); + subprocess.kill('SIGTERM'); ``` #### Features ##### Execution - Use the [template string syntax](docs/execution.md#template-string-syntax) with any method (including [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execacommand)), as opposed to only [`$`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options). Conversely, `$` can now use the [regular array syntax](docs/scripts.md#template-string-syntax). ([#933](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/933)) - A command's template string can span [multiple lines](docs/execution.md#multiple-lines). ([#843](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/843)) - [Share options](docs/execution.md#globalshared-options) between multiple calls, or set global options, by using [`execa(options)`](docs/api#execaoptions). ([#933](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/933), [#965](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/965)) - Pass a file URL (as opposed to a file path string) to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options), [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options), the [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) option, the [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath) option or the [`shell`](docs/api.md#optionsshell) option. ([#630](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/630), [#631](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/631), [#632](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/632), [#635](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/635)) ##### Text lines - [Split the output](docs/lines.md#simple-splitting) into text lines by using the [`lines`](docs/api.md#optionslines) option. ([#741](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/741), [#929](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/929), [#931](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/931), [#948](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/948), [#951](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/951), [#957](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/957)) - Subprocess is now an [async iterable](docs/api.md#subprocesssymbolasynciterator), [iterating over the output](docs/lines.md#progressive-splitting) lines while the subprocess is running. ([#923](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/923)) ##### Piping multiple subprocesses - Simpler syntax: pass the [command directly](docs/pipe.md#array-syntax) to [`subprocess.pipe()`](docs/api.md#subprocesspipefile-arguments-options) without calling [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options). A [template string](docs/pipe.md#template-string-syntax) can also be used. ([#840](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/840), [#859](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/859), [#864](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/864)) - [Wait for both subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#result) to complete. [Error handling](docs/pipe.md#errors) has been improved too. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757), [#778](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/778), [#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#854](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/854)) - Retrieve the [result](docs/pipe.md#result) of each subprocess (not only the last one) by using [`result.pipedFrom`](docs/api.md#resultpipedfrom) and [`error.pipedFrom`](docs/api.md#resultpipedfrom). ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834)) - Pipe 1 or [many subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#multiple-sources-1-destination) to 1 or [many subprocesses](docs/pipe.md#1-source-multiple-destinations). ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834)) - Pipe subprocesses using [other file descriptors](docs/pipe.md#source-file-descriptor) than `stdin`/`stdout`/`stderr` by using the [`from`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsfrom) and [`to`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsto) piping options. ([#757](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/757), [#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#903](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/903), [#920](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/920)) - [Cancel piping](docs/pipe.md#unpipe) subprocesses by using the [`unpipeSignal`](docs/api.md#pipeoptionsunpipesignal) piping option. ([#834](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/834), [#852](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/852)) ##### Input/output - Pass an array with [multiple values](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) and [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) options. For example, [`stdout: ['inherit', 'pipe']`](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) prints the output [to the terminal](docs/output.md#terminal-output) while still [returning it](docs/output.md#stdout-and-stderr) as [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout). ([#643](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/643), [#765](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/765), [#941](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/941), [#954](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/954)) - Redirect the [input](docs/input.md#file-input)/[output](docs/output.md#file-output) from/to a file by passing a `{file: './path'}` object or a file URL to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#610](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/610), [#614](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/614), [#621](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/621), [#671](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/671), [#1004](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1004)) - [Transform](docs/transform.md) or [filter](docs/transform.md#filtering) the input/output by passing a generator function to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#693](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/693), [#697](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/697), [#698](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/698), [#699](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/699), [#709](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/709), [#736](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/736), [#737](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/737), [#739](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/739), [#740](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/740), [#746](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/746), [#748](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/748), [#755](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/755), [#756](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/756), [#780](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/780), [#783](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/783), [#867](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/867), [#915](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/915), [#916](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/916), [#917](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/917), [#919](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/919), [#924](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/924), [#926](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/926), [#945](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/945), [#969](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/969)) - Provide some [binary input](docs/binary.md#binary-input) by passing an [`Uint8Array`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array) to the [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput) or [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin) option. ([`834e372`](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/commit/834e3726), [#670](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/670), [#1029](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1029)) - Provide some [progressive input](docs/streams.md#iterables-as-input) by passing a sync/async [iterable](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Iteration_protocols#the_async_iterator_and_async_iterable_protocols) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin) option. ([#604](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/604), [#944](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/944)) - Provide [multiple inputs](docs/output.md#multiple-targets) by combining the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput) and [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) options. ([#666](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/666)) - Return [other file descriptors](docs/output.md#additional-file-descriptors) than [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) by using [`result.stdio`](docs/api.md#resultstdio). ([#676](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/676)) - [Specify different values](docs/output.md#stdoutstderr-specific-options) for [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) and [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) with the following options: [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose), [`lines`](docs/api.md#optionslines), [`stripFinalNewline`](docs/api.md#optionsstripfinalnewline), [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer), [`buffer`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer). ([#966](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/966), [#970](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/970), [#971](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/971), [#972](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/972), [#973](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/973), [#974](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/974)) ##### Streams - Redirect the input/output from/to a [web stream](docs/streams.md#web-streams) by passing a [`ReadableStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/ReadableStream) or [`WritableStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WritableStream) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#615](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/615), [#619](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/619), [#645](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/645)) - [Transform or filter](docs/transform.md#duplextransform-streams) the input/output by passing a [`Duplex`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamduplex), Node.js [`Transform`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#class-streamtransform) or web [`TransformStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TransformStream) to the [`stdin`](docs/api.md#optionsstdin), [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option. ([#937](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/937), [#938](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/938)) - [Convert the subprocess](docs/streams.md#converting-a-subprocess-to-a-stream) to a stream by using [`subprocess.readable()`](docs/api.md#subprocessreadablereadableoptions), [`subprocess.writable()`](docs/api.md#subprocesswritablewritableoptions) or [`subprocess.duplex()`](docs/api.md#subprocessduplexduplexoptions). ([#912](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/912), [#922](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/922), [#958](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/958)) ##### Verbose mode - Print the subprocess' [completion, duration and errors](docs/debugging.md#short-mode) with the [`verbose: 'short'`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) or `verbose: 'full'` option. ([#887](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/887), [#890](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/890)) - Print the subprocess' [output](docs/debugging.md#full-mode) with the [`verbose: 'full'`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option. ([#884](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/884), [#950](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/950), [#962](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/962), [#990](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/990)) - Prettier formatting and [colors](docs/debugging.md#colors) with the [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option. ([#883](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/883), [#893](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/893), [#894](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/894)) ##### Debugging - Retrieve the subprocess' [duration](docs/debugging.md#duration) by using [`result.durationMs`](docs/api.md#resultdurationms) and [`error.durationMs`](docs/api.md#resultdurationms). ([#896](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/896)) - Retrieve the subprocess' [current directory](docs/environment.md#current-directory) by using [`result.cwd`](docs/api.md#resultcwd). Previously only [`error.cwd`](docs/api.md#execaerror) was available. Also, `result.cwd` and `error.cwd` are now normalized to absolute file paths. ([#803](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/803)) - Printing [`result.escapedCommand`](docs/api.md#resultescapedcommand) in a terminal [is now safe](docs/debugging.md#command). ([#875](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/875)) ##### Errors - The [`ExecaError`](docs/api.md#execaerror) and [`ExecaSyncError`](docs/api.md#execasyncerror) classes [are now exported](docs/errors.md#subprocess-failure). ([#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911)) - Find the subprocess failure's [root cause](docs/termination.md#error-message-and-stack-trace) by using [`error.cause`](docs/api.md#errorcause). ([#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911)) - Know whether [the subprocess failed](docs/errors.md#failure-reason) due to the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) option by using [`error.isMaxBuffer`](docs/api.md#errorismaxbuffer). ([#963](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/963)) - Improved [`error.message`](docs/api.md#errormessage): [`error.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`error.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) are now [interleaved](docs/output.md#interleaved-output) if the [`all`](docs/api.md#optionsall) option is `true`. [Additional file descriptors](docs/output.md#additional-file-descriptors) are now printed too. Also, the [formatting](docs/errors.md#error-message) has been improved. ([#676](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/676), [#705](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/705), [#991](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/991), [#992](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/992)) - [Control characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_character) in [`error.message`](docs/api.md#errormessage) are now escaped, so they don't result in visual bugs when printed in a terminal. ([#879](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/879)) - Improved stack trace when an [`error`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#event-error\_1) event is emitted on [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) or [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr). ([#814](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/814)) ##### Termination - Specify an [error message or stack trace](docs/termination.md#error-message-and-stack-trace) when terminating a subprocess by passing an error instance to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillerror). ([#811](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/811), [#836](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/836), [#1023](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1023)) - The [`forceKillAfterDelay`](docs/api.md#optionsforcekillafterdelay) and [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) options [now apply to terminations](docs/termination.md#default-signal) due not only to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) but [also to](docs/termination.md#forceful-termination) the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal), [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout), [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) and [`cleanup`](docs/api.md#optionscleanup) options. ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714), [#728](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/728)) ##### Node.js files - Use the [`nodePath`](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath) and [`nodeOptions`](docs/api.md#optionsnodeoptions) options with [any method](docs/api.md#methods), as opposed to only [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options), by passing the [`node: true`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option. ([#804](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/804), [#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815)) - When using [`execaNode()`](docs/api.md#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options) or the [`node: true`](docs/api.md#optionsnode) option, the [current Node.js version](docs/node.md#nodejs-version) is now inherited deeply. If the subprocess spawns other subprocesses, they will all use the [same Node.js version](docs/api.md#optionsnodepath). ([#812](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/812), [#815](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/815), [#1011](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1011)) ##### Synchronous execution - Use the [`all`](docs/api.md#optionsall) and [`buffer: false`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) options with [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options), as opposed to only [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options). ([#953](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/953), [#956](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/956)) - Added the [`$.s`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options) alias for [`$.sync`](docs/api.md#file-arguments-options). ([#594](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/594)) ##### Inter-process communication - Use the [`ipc: true`](docs/api.md#optionsipc) option, as [opposed to the more verbose](docs/ipc.md#exchanging-messages) [`stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe', 'ipc']`](docs/api.md#optionsstdio) option. ([#794](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/794)) ##### Input validation - Improved the validation of the [`input`](docs/api.md#optionsinput), [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout), [`cwd`](docs/api.md#optionscwd), [`detached`](docs/api.md#optionsdetached), [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) and [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) options. ([#668](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/668), [#715](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/715), [#803](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/803), [#928](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/928), [#940](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/940)) - Improved the validation of the arguments passed to [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) and the [other exported methods](docs/api.md#methods). ([#838](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/838), [#873](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/873), [#899](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/899)) - Improved the validation of signals passed to [`subprocess.kill()`](docs/api.md#subprocesskillsignal-error) and to the [`killSignal`](docs/api.md#optionskillsignal) option. ([#1025](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/1025)) #### Bug fixes - Fixed passing `undefined` values as [options](docs/api.md#options). This now uses the option's default value. ([#712](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/712)) - Fixed the process crashing when the [`inputFile`](docs/api.md#optionsinputfile) option points to a missing file. ([#609](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/609)) - Fixed the process crashing when the [`buffer`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) option is `false` and [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) [errors](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#event-error\_1). ([#729](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/729)) - Fixed the process crashing when passing [`'overlapped'`](docs/windows.md#asynchronous-io) to the [`stdout`](docs/api.md#optionsstdout) or [`stderr`](docs/api.md#optionsstderr) option with [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options). ([#949](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/949)) - Fixed the process crashing when multiple [`'error'`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#event-error) events are emitted on the subprocess. ([#790](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/790)) - Fixed the [`reject: false`](docs/api.md#optionsreject) option not being used when the subprocess [fails to spawn](docs/errors.md#failure-reason). ([#734](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/734)) - Fixed [some inaccuracies](docs/errors.md#failure-reason) with [`error.isTerminated`](docs/api.md#erroristerminated). ([#625](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/625), [#719](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/719)) - It is now `true` when the subprocess fails due to the [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout) option. - It is now `true` when calling [`process.kill(subprocess.pid)`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processkillpid-signal), except on Windows. - It is now `false` when using [non-terminating signals](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#subprocesskillsignal) such as `subprocess.kill(0)`. - Fixed missing [`error.signal`](docs/api.md#errorsignal) and [`error.signalDescription`](docs/api.md#errorsignaldescription) when the subprocess [is terminated](docs/termination.md#canceling) by the [`cancelSignal`](docs/api.md#optionscancelsignal) option. ([#724](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/724)) - Fixed a situation where the [error](docs/api.md#execaerror) returned by an [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options) call might be modified by another `execa()` call. ([#796](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/796), [#806](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/806), [#911](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/911)) - Fixed the [`verbose`](docs/api.md#optionsverbose) option [printing the command](docs/debugging.md#short-mode) in the wrong order. ([#600](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/600)) - Fixed using both the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) and [`encoding`](docs/api.md#optionsencoding) options. For example, when using [`encoding: 'hex'`](docs/binary.md#encoding), `maxBuffer` will now be measured in hexadecimal characters. Also, [`error.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout), [`error.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) and [`error.all`](docs/api.md#resultall) were previously not applying the `maxBuffer` option. ([#652](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/652), [#696](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/696)) - Fixed the [`maxBuffer`](docs/api.md#optionsmaxbuffer) option [not truncating](docs/output.md#big-output) [`result.stdout`](docs/api.md#resultstdout) and [`result.stderr`](docs/api.md#resultstderr) when using [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options). ([#960](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/960)) - Fixed empty output when using the [`buffer: true`](docs/api.md#optionsbuffer) option (its default value) and [iterating](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#readablesymbolasynciterator) over [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) or [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr). ([#908](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/908)) - Fixed [`subprocess.all`](docs/api.md#subprocessall) stream incorrectly being in [object mode](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#object-mode). ([#717](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/717)) - Ensured [`subprocess.stdout`](docs/api.md#subprocessstdout) and [`subprocess.stderr`](docs/api.md#subprocessstderr) are properly [flushed](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#buffering) when the subprocess fails. ([#647](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/647)) - Fixed a race condition leading to random behavior with the [`timeout`](docs/api.md#optionstimeout) option. ([#727](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/727)) #### Types (breaking changes) - Renamed `CommonOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)) and [`SyncOptions`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) (for [`execaSync()`](docs/api.md#execasyncfile-arguments-options)). ([#678](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/678), [#682](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/682)) ```diff import type {Options} from 'execa'; - const options: CommonOptions = {timeout: 1000}; + const options: Options = {timeout: 1000}; ``` - Renamed `NodeOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts). ([#804](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/804)) ```diff import type {Options} from 'execa'; - const options: NodeOptions = {nodeOptions: ['--no-warnings']}; + const options: Options = {nodeOptions: ['--no-warnings']}; ``` - Renamed `KillOptions` type to [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts). ([#714](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/714)) ```diff import type {Options} from 'execa'; - const options: KillOptions = {forceKillAfterTimeout: 1000}; + const options: Options = {forceKillAfterDelay: 1000}; ``` - Removed generic parameters from the [`Options`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) and [`SyncOptions`](types/arguments/options.d.ts) types. ([#681](https://togithub.com/sindresorhus/execa/issues/681)) ```diff import type {Options} from 'execa'; - const options: Options<'utf8'> = {encoding: 'utf8'}; + const options: Options = {encoding: 'utf8'}; ``` - Renamed `ExecaChildProcess` type to [`ResultPromise`](types/subprocess/subprocess.d.ts). This is the type of [`execa()`](docs/api.md#execafile-arguments-options)'s [return value](docs/api.md#return-value), which is both a [`PromiseConfiguration
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