Mitigate inference problems in color conversions

[kimikage]

This uses the cnvt instead of the top-level convert when source and destination are both known colors. This also blocks the propagation of inference failures by adding type assertions to the result of convert. ~However, these changes do not solve the essential problem (#496). So, this PR is for reference only, and I have no plans to merge this for now.~ By PR #510, we can see the practical effects, e.g.：

julia> lchab = rand(LCHab, 1000, 1000);

julia> convert.(RGB{Float64}, lchab); # compilation

julia> @time convert.(RGB{Float64}, lchab);
  0.174340 seconds (4.00 M allocations: 144.959 MiB, 37.16% gc time) # before
  0.137165 seconds (2.00 M allocations: 83.923 MiB, 40.44% gc time)  # after

I haven't solved the problem yet, though.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Merging #508 (11257ec) into master (9c55e4a) will decrease coverage by 0.48%. The diff coverage is 76.92%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #508      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.45%   94.97%   -0.49%     
==========================================
  Files           9        9              
  Lines        1188     1193       +5     
==========================================
- Hits         1134     1133       -1     
- Misses         54       60       +6     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/precompile.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/utilities.jl	98.84% <75.00%> (+0.38%)	:arrow_up:
src/conversions.jl	99.39% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	:arrow_up:
src/colormaps.jl	94.39% <0.00%> (-3.74%)	:arrow_down:

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[kimikage]

Some problematic math functions have been removed from the major paths. The problems that still remain are trigonometric functions, especially sincos. Since sincos is not that bad in terms of speed and accuracy, there is not enough motivation to reimplement it.

Edit: See PR #510

[kimikage]

RGB <--> LCHab/LCHuv conversions still have problems. However, I would like to address some of the problems, in PR #509.