Fix and rework Android error notifications

[SaschaWillems]

Description

This PR completely overhauls the way our framework displays errors on Android. Initially the framework used a notification that would only display "something has crashed" with a link to the log file but no reason as to why a sample crashed or wasn't able to run. Displaying such notifications isn't a great way to display errors and also requires permissions starting with Android 13. Since we never requested those permissions, those messages weren't displayed and instead of gracefully closing, samples that don't work (e.g. because the device lacks a requested extension) would just result in a blank screen.

This PR replaces those notifications with a proper alert dialog, which is a better and cleaner way to display errors. The PR also adds a last error message member to the platform that is then displayed in this alert:

Note that error messages aren't optimal, but the way the framework currently handles errors is pretty convoluted, so this is the best I could do for now.

Fixes #1050

General Checklist:

Please ensure the following points are checked:

• [x] My code follows the coding style
• [x] I have reviewed file licenses
• [x] I have commented any added functions (in line with Doxygen)
• [x] I have commented any code that could be hard to understand
• [x] My changes do not add any new compiler warnings
• [x] My changes do not add any new validation layer errors or warnings
• [x] I have used existing framework/helper functions where possible
• [x] My changes do not add any regressions
• [x] I have tested every sample to ensure everything runs correctly

• [x] This PR describes the scope and expected impact of the changes I am making

  Note: The Samples CI runs a number of checks including:

  • [x] I have updated the header Copyright to reflect the current year (CI build will fail if Copyright is out of date)
  • [x] My changes build on Windows, Linux, macOS and Android. Otherwise I have documented any exceptions

  If this PR contains framework changes:

  • [x] I did a full batch run using the batch command line argument to make sure all samples still work properly

[marty-johnson59]

Merging now that conflicts are resolved (per discussion on Monday's call)