Implemented index-based array assignments

[Luna-Klatzer]

What type of change does this PR perform?

• [ ] Info or documentation change (Non-breaking change that updates repo info files (e.g. README.md, CONTRIBUTING.md, etc.) or online documentation)
• [ ] Website (Change that changes the design or functionality of the websites or docs)
• [ ] Development or internal changes (These changes do not add new features or fix bugs, but update the code in other ways)
• [ ] Bug fix (Non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [x] New feature (Non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [x] Breaking change (Major bug fix or feature that would cause existing functionality not to work as expected.)
• [ ] Requires a documentation update, as it changes language or compiler behaviour

Summary

Implemented support for index-based array assignment expressions, which allow the modification of individual parts of an array.

Closes #669

Detailed Changelog

Not present for website/docs changes

Added

• Support for index-based array assignments. (#669)
• New type BuiltInReference, which replaces the now removed type Reference in the KipperProgramContext for reference tracking of built-in types.
• New Properties:
  • BuiltInFunction.funcType, which returns a function type for the built-in function.
  • FunctionDeclarationTypeSemantics.type, which returns the type of the function declaration i.e. the function type.
  • LambdaPrimaryExpressionTypeSemantics.type, which returns the type of the lambda primary expression i.e. the function type.

Changed

• Renamed module compiler/.../expressions/arithmetic to arithmetic-expression.

Fixed

• All functions and lambdas simply resolving to Func instead of the appropriate filled-up Func<T..., R> type. This now enables proper type checking for function references.

Removed

• Type Reference as it is no longer needed and has been replaced by KipperReferenceable.

Does this PR create new warnings?

None.

Linked issues or PRs

• [x] #669

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.11765% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.00%. Comparing base (5e0ecc5) to head (41f9b6a).

Files	Patch %	Lines
...rc/compiler/semantics/analyser/semantic-checker.ts	60.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial :warning:
...re/src/compiler/semantics/analyser/type-checker.ts	88.88%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## dev-next #677 +/- ## ============================================ + Coverage 83.98% 84.00% +0.02% ============================================ Files 270 270 Lines 4502 4514 +12 Branches 479 481 +2 ============================================ + Hits 3781 3792 +11 - Misses 582 583 +1 Partials 139 139 ```

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