LLLeon / Blog

LLLeon 的部落格
15 stars 4 forks source link

singleflight 源码阅读 #26

Open LLLeon opened 3 years ago

LLLeon commented 3 years ago

缓存击穿

在缓存系统中,当某个热点数据的缓存过期时,如果瞬间有大量请求到达 DB,可能会导致 DB 出现问题。

怎么解决?可以让先到达的请求将最新数据更新到缓存,其它请求再使用缓存数据即可。

Go 中的 singleflight 包就可以用于这个场景。它可以只让其中一个请求得到执行,其余请求会阻塞到该请求返回执行结果并使用该结果,从而达到防止击穿的效果。

singleflight 源码

singleflight.go 的源码比较简单:

// 表示一组请求
type call struct {
  // 用来阻塞其余请求
    wg sync.WaitGroup

    // 被调用的函数返回的结果和 err 赋值给这两个字段
    val interface{}
    err error

    // forgotten indicates whether Forget was called with this call's key while the call was still in flight.
    forgotten bool

    // These fields are read and written with the singleflight
    // mutex held before the WaitGroup is done, and are read but
    // not written after the WaitGroup is done.
    dups  int
    chans []chan<- Result
}

// 用来存储不同 key 的请求组
type Group struct {
    mu sync.Mutex       // protects m
    m  map[string]*call // lazily initialized
}

// Result holds the results of Do, so they can be passed
// on a channel.
type Result struct {
    Val    interface{}
    Err    error
    Shared bool
}

// 执行指定函数并返回结果
func (g *Group) Do(key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) (v interface{}, err error, shared bool) {
    g.mu.Lock()
  // 延迟初始化
    if g.m == nil {
        g.m = make(map[string]*call)
    }
  // 如果当前请求之前已经有对该 key 的请求, 则阻塞当前请求
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.dups++
        g.mu.Unlock() // 释放锁
        c.wg.Wait() // wg 的这种用法妙啊

        if e, ok := c.err.(*panicError); ok {
            panic(e)
        } else if c.err == errGoexit {
            runtime.Goexit()
        }
    // 使用前面请求返回的结果
        return c.val, c.err, true
    }

    c := new(call)
    c.wg.Add(1)
    g.m[key] = c // 用 key 来标识一组同样的请求
    g.mu.Unlock()

  // 调用 fn 并返回结果
    g.doCall(c, key, fn)
    return c.val, c.err, c.dups > 0
}

// 与 Do 方法效果一样,不过这里不阻塞当前请求,而是直接返回一个 channel 用于接收结果
func (g *Group) DoChan(key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) <-chan Result {
    ch := make(chan Result, 1) // 当前请求从这个 ch 接收结果
    g.mu.Lock()
    if g.m == nil {
        g.m = make(map[string]*call)
    }
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.dups++
        c.chans = append(c.chans, ch)
        g.mu.Unlock()
        return ch
    }

    c := &call{chans: []chan<- Result{ch}}
    c.wg.Add(1)
    g.m[key] = c
    g.mu.Unlock()

  // 异步调用 fn
    go g.doCall(c, key, fn)

    return ch
}

// doCall handles the single call for a key.
// 对 fn 执行调用, 并将结果
func (g *Group) doCall(c *call, key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) {
    normalReturn := false
    recovered := false

    // use double-defer to distinguish panic from runtime.Goexit,
    // more details see https://golang.org/cl/134395
  // 这个 defer 会后执行, 负责判断
    defer func() {
        // the given function invoked runtime.Goexit
        if !normalReturn && !recovered {
            c.err = errGoexit
        }

        c.wg.Done()
        g.mu.Lock()
        defer g.mu.Unlock()
        if !c.forgotten { // 返回之前删除这个 key, 标识着本次对 key 的调用完成
            delete(g.m, key)
        }

        if e, ok := c.err.(*panicError); ok {
            // In order to prevent the waiting channels from being blocked forever,
            // needs to ensure that this panic cannot be recovered.
            if len(c.chans) > 0 {
                go panic(e)
                select {} // Keep this goroutine around so that it will appear in the crash dump.
            } else {
                panic(e)
            }
        } else if c.err == errGoexit {
            // Already in the process of goexit, no need to call again
        } else {
      // doCall 返回之前将调用结果写入到所有其余等待结果的请求的 channel 中
            for _, ch := range c.chans {
                ch <- Result{c.val, c.err, c.dups > 0}
            }
        }
    }()

  // 执行 fn 的部分, 而且是在一个匿名函数里面执行.
  // 这里又用到了一个 defer(这个 defer 会先执行), 用来区分 panic 和 runtime.Goexit.
    func() {
        defer func() {
            if !normalReturn {
                if r := recover(); r != nil {
                    c.err = newPanicError(r) // 如果 panic 了, 修改 c.err 的值
                }
            }
        }()

        c.val, c.err = fn()
        normalReturn = true
    }()

    if !normalReturn {
        recovered = true
    }
}

// Forget tells the singleflight to forget about a key.  Future calls
// to Do for this key will call the function rather than waiting for
// an earlier call to complete.
func (g *Group) Forget(key string) {
    g.mu.Lock()
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.forgotten = true
    }
    delete(g.m, key)
    g.mu.Unlock()
}

代码虽然不多,里面一些巧妙的用法可以学习。