17/18_Msc_TOEFL_Week1

[LeeKeifon]

Monday

TPO1_Reading

Time cost：27min

错误率：x1

Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

陌生词汇

endure treeless infer striking gradual prevalent insulation rigor prostrate lichen alpine bud ultraviolet proposed smother creep frost soil valley ridge deformed form evergreen tropics steppe timberline tundra

重点记忆词汇

长难句

...,as is made evident by

Review done

[LeeKeifon]

Tuesday

no

[LeeKeifon]

Wednesday

TPO1_Reading

The Origin of Theater

陌生词汇

search for sth./search sth. efficacious primarily speculation since 从...以后/从此/因为 draw concrete envision emerge perceive 认知 well-being champion causal/casual 有因果关系的 thereafter 其后 autonomous 自主的；自发的；自治的 by no means 绝对不是 socially efficacious concerns 有效的社会关注 alternative adj.供选择的；交替的； n.二中择一的选择 recall vt.召回；回想起；取消 n.召回；回忆；撤销[和动词意思一一对应] elaborate adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的 vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物） vi. 详细描述；变复杂 pantomime n.哑剧；舞剧 vi.打手势；演哑剧 impersonation n. 扮演；模仿；装扮 assume/assumed v.假设；假装 adj.假设的；假装的 imitation/imitative adj. 仿制的；人造的 n.赝品；模仿(imitation of) /adj.仿制的；模仿的 grace n. 优雅；恩惠；魅力；慈悲 vt. 使优美 antecedent n. 前情；先行词；祖先 adj. 先行的；前驱的；先前的 motive n.动机 fall back on 转而依靠；依赖 aesthetic adj. 美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的 attribute to ascribe contrast occurences hypothetical win the favor of prosperity apparent refine grow up around fall back on rite cease sth./to do sth. scholar motif accompany mechanical valued sophisticated 复杂的/世故的/有经验的 sophisticate 使...变得世故/使...迷惑/篡改 divorce from set forth sth. 提出某事 encounter vt. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到 n. 遭遇，偶然碰见 vi. 遭遇；偶然相遇 object/objective/objectify 客观 subject 主观 subjecting：n. 主题；科目；[语] 主语；国民、adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的、vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于… fantasy/fiction 幻想/虚构 confront vt. 面对；遭遇；比较 whereby adv. 凭借；通过…；借以；与…一致 instinct n. 本能，直觉；天性 adj. 充满着的 penchant n.嗜好；倾向 detached adj.分离的；分开的；超然的 v.分离 [sufficient detachment 足够发散的思维] social norm 社会规范 severe approved imply precaution comply with suspend adhere nevertheless 然而，不过 retain vt. 保持；雇；记住 considerable：adj. 相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的

重点记忆

长难句

• Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.
• One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations.
• The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
• But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.
• One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. 一个必要的条件是，某种程度上脱离常人看待问题的视角
• For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.
• For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

Review Done

[LeeKeifon]

Thursday

TPO1_Reading

Groundwater

陌生词汇

meteoric soak into loose unconsolidated wherever sediment volume grain porous proportion crevice

重点记忆

loose By far wherever coarse laden(lade) folk glacial outwash rule out deposit scale current(n/adj.) since minute dissolved individual drain cling to be thought of as relative amount film

长难句

• There it remains ,sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.
• They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed.
• As the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away ,huge volumes of water flowed from them.
• The water was always laden with pebbles,gravel,and sand ,known as glacial outwash , that was deposited as the flow slowed down.
• The result is that the sandstone is as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.
• But note that porosity is not the same as permeability ,which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material.
• The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot ,drain away.

Review Done

[LeeKeifon]

Friday

TPO2_Reading

Desert Formation

restrict：put a limit on; keep under control. endanger：put (someone or something) at risk or in danger subsequent：adj. 后来的，随后的 erosion：n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 accompany：陪伴/accompalish：achieve or complete successfully. substantial：adj. 大量的；实质的；内容充实的、n. 本质；重要材料 substance：n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨 retain：vt. 保持；雇；记住 sealing：n. 封闭，[机] 密封；补铸件的漏洞；猎捕海豹业 penetration：n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力 aridity：n. 干旱；乏味 deterioration：n. 恶化；退化；堕落 delicate：adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；易碎的；纤弱的；清淡可口的 margin：n. 边缘；利润，余裕；页边的空白、vt. 加边于；加旁注于 period：n. 周期，期间；时期；月经；课时；（语法学）句点，句号、adj. 某一时代的（wet periods：湿润季节） far in excess of：远远超过 capacity：n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力 irrigation：n. 灌溉；[临床] 冲洗；冲洗法 devoid：adj. 缺乏的；全无的 extensive：adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 tract：n. 束；大片土地，地带；小册子 susceptible：adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的、n. 易得病的人 livestock：n. 牲畜；家畜 dominant：adj. 显性的；占优势的；支配的，统治的、n. 显性 substitute：n. 代用品；代替者、vi. 替代、vt. 代替 conditioner：n. 调节器；调节剂；调料槽 salinization：n. 盐化作用，盐碱化 Excess：n. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制、adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的 evaporate：vt. 使……蒸发；使……脱水；使……消失、vi. 蒸发，挥发；消失，失踪 rigorously enforced program of land protection 严谨而有力的保护土地的政策 enforced：adj. 强制执行的 enforce：v. 执行 reinforced：v. 加强

• In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions.
• Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel.
• These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common.
• The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.
• During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.但是在干旱的季节里，在沙漠周边的土地上，存在着这样一个十分普遍的现象：人类对土地施加的压力远远超过了土地自身减压的能力，因此最终导致了沙漠化。
• Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.

Review Done

[LeeKeifon]

Saturday

TPO2_Reading

The Origins of Cetaceans

陌生词汇

mammal：n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物 hind：adj. 后部的/n. 雌鹿 disguise：vt. 掩饰；假装；隐瞒/n. 伪装；假装；用作伪装的东西 affinity：n. 密切关系，姻亲关系; （男女之间的） 吸引力，吸引人的异性; 类同; 类似，近似;affinity with intermediate：vi. 起媒介作用、adj. 中间的，中级的、n. [化学] 中间物；媒介 skull：n. 头盖骨，脑壳 jawbone：n. 颚骨；信用；下颚骨、vt. 赊买、vi. 赊买 enlarge：vi. 扩大；放大；详述、vt. 扩大；使增大；扩展 skeleton：n. 骨架，骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的人、adj. 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的；概略的 portion：n. 部分；一份；命运、vt. 分配；给…嫁妆 locomotion：n. 运动；移动；旅行 rear：vt. 培养；树立；栽种、vi. 暴跳；高耸、adv. 向后；在后面、adj. 后方的；后面的；背面的、n. 后面；屁股；后方部队 propulsion：n. 推进；推进力

长难句

• How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged?
• Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Early Cinema

陌生词汇

successive：adj. 连续的；继承的；依次的；接替的 prizefight：n. 职业拳击赛；徒手拳 phonograph：n. 留声机；[电子] 电唱机、vt. 用留声机灌音；用留声机放音 be modeled on：模仿某事物 handful：n. 少数；一把；棘手事 readily：adv. 容易地；乐意地；无困难地 parlor：n. 客厅；会客室；业务室、adj. 客厅的 makeshift：n. 权宜之计；凑合；临时措施；将就、adj. 临时的；权宜之计的；凑合的 fairground：n. 露天市场；举行赛会的场所；游乐场 advent：n. 到来；出现；基督降临；基督降临节 ultimate：adj. 最终的；极限的；根本的、n. 终极；根本；基本原则 spectator：n. 观众；旁观者 marvel：n. 奇迹、vt. 对…感到惊异、vi. 感到惊讶 manipulation：n. 操纵；操作；处理；篡改

长难句

• These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier.
• Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves is mass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily be reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor.
• With the advent of projection, the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.

Review Done

[LeeKeifon]

Sunday

TPO3_Reading

Architecture

Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

Review Done