下江小春都能看懂的 Arch Linux for WSL2 安装与配置指南

[MaxLHy0424]

在 Windows 上开发 Linux 软件时, WSL2 常为不二之选.

但是, WSL2 上开箱即用的 GNU/Linux 发行版, 几乎都是基于 Debian Project 的. 想要在 WSL2 上使用 Arch Linux, 配置较为麻烦.

本教程将帮助您在 WSL2 上安装并配置 Arch Linux!

适用于 Windows 11 22H2 及以上版本, 其以下的版本可能会出现各种问题.

0 准备工作

WSL2 的硬件需求及启用方法在此处不多赘述, 请自行查阅.

如果您有安装 VMware Workstation Pro 等寄居型虚拟机, 推荐改用 Microsoft Hyper-V. 否则其运行的虚拟机性能可能会受到影响.

启用后, 在 Windows 终端 (以管理员权限运行) 中执行以下命令:

wsl --update
wsl --update --pre-release

接着, 在当前的 Windows 用户目录下创建文件.wslconfig, 在文件中添加以下内容:

[wsl2]
ipv6=true
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true
[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual

然后, 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索Arch WSL, 点击下图中所示的软件 (一般为第1个):

按照正常流程安装, 打开, 创建账户.

1 登录root用户并修改密码

执行sudo su进入root用户后, 通过passwd root修改root用户密码.

2 配置 GNU Nano 文本编辑器

打开/etc/nanorc, 在末尾追加:

bind ^X cut main
bind ^C copy main
bind ^V paste all
bind ^Q exit all
bind ^S savefile main
bind ^W writeout main
bind ^O insert main
bind ^H help all
bind ^H exit help
bind ^F whereis all
bind ^G findnext all
bind ^B wherewas all
bind ^D findprevious all
bind ^R replace main
unbind ^U all
unbind ^N main
unbind ^Y all
unbind M-J main
unbind M-T main
bind ^A mark main
bind ^P location main
bind ^T gotoline main
bind ^T gotodir browser
bind ^T cutrestoffile execute
bind ^L linter execute
bind ^E execute main
bind ^K "{mark}{end}{zap}" main
bind ^U "{mark}{home}{zap}" main
bind ^Z undo main
bind ^Y redo main
set tabsize 4
set autoindent
set noconvert
set smarthome
set tabstospaces
set mouse
set linenumbers
set casesensitive
set multibuffer
set nonewlines
set magic
set softwrap
set wordbounds
set constantshow
include /usr/share/nano/*.*

3 配置包管理器

打开/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, 在顶部添加:

Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

打开/etc/pacman.conf, 找到:

#UseSyslog
#Color
NoProgressBar

换成:

UseSyslog
Color
#NoProgressBar

然后找到这一行:

ParallelDownloads = 5

将后面的5修改成你想要同时下载的软件包的数量.

接着把后面的软件源全部删掉, 换成下面的:

[testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
[blackarch]
SigLevel = Never
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/blackarch/$repo/os/$arch

执行以命令:

pacman-key --init
pacman-key --lsign-key "farseerfc@archlinux.org"
pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring blackarch-keyring

执行以下命令安装 yay 稳定版 (安装开发版把yay改为yay-git):

pacman -S yay

4 汉化

打开/etc/locale.gen, 找到以下两行:

#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
#zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

将前面的#去掉.

打开/etc/locale.conf, 在末尾追加:

LANG=en_US.UTF-8

打开/etc/profile, 在末尾追加:

export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8:en_US.UTF-8

然后执行以下命令:

pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite ttf-hannom wqy-zenhei wqy-bitmapfont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming ttf-hannom noto-fonts opendesktop-fonts noto-fonts-emoji
locale-gen

5 解决 WSLg 及 Systemd 问题

执行以下命令:

echo \
'# Type Path           Mode UID  GID  Age Argument
L+     /tmp/.X11-unix -    -    -    -   /mnt/wslg/.X11-unix' | tee /etc/tmpfiles.d/wslg.conf
echo -e "[boot]\nsystemd=true" | tee -a /etc/wsl.conf

6 善后工作及后续使用注意事项

执行以下命令:

pacman -Syyu
yay -S net-tools tree sed python wget
yay -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq)
yay -Scc
rm -rf /tmp/*

如果后续需要安装软件源blackarch内的软件包, 推荐在此之前先打开/etc/pacman.conf, 注释以下几行:

[extra-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

然后使用sudo pacman -Syy更新软件源, 再安装软件包, 完成之后再将上面的几行取消注释.

? 预告

WSL2 即使更新到最新预发布版本, Linux Kernel 版本也是5.15.xxx. 下一篇教程将教您自己编译 Linux Kernel, 并在 WSL2 中使用!

[MaxLHy0424]

补充: 如果发现配置后 WSL2 内的所有 GNU/Linux 发行版都无法联网, 可以试试删去 "准备工作" 中创建的.wslconfig中的:

networkingMode=mirrored