Remove broken link and small improvements

[ewan-escience]

Changes in this PR

This PR intends to remove all broken links from the JS/TS page (#301) and acts as first step towards having an up to date page (#268). Some typos have been fixed and all links now have https.

The GitHub request template has been updated to use double backticks for the command to check for broken links, as the command itself uses backticks.

Closes #301 Related to #268

Checklist

SIGNIFICANT changes / additions, e.g. new chapters

• [ ] I checked whether the contribution fits in The Turing Way before considering contributing to this Guide.
• [ ] I discussed my contribution in an issue and took into account feedback.

ALL contributions

• [x] I previewed my changes locally using e.g. python3 -m http.server 4000 and confirmed they work correctly.
• [x] I checked for broken links, e.g. using the link checker GitHub Action workflow, or locally by using docker run --init -it -v `pwd`:/docs lycheeverse/lychee /docs --config=docs/lychee.toml, at least for the files I changed.
• [x] My name was added to the CITATION.cff file.

EDIT: this branch should have been prefixed with 301, not 310.

[ewan-escience]

@egpbos Thanks for the review, I incorporated your suggestions in a new commit. I think this can be merged now, but I don't have the rights to do so.