As part of a national priority for improving energy efficiency, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) has established a national system of indicators to track changes in the energy intensity of our economy and economic sectors over time.
@iisabeller I'm considering closing this, given our discussions on emission factors. I think we've concluded that
Carbon emission factor of electricity generation (kg CO2/kWh) for a given generation region has changed over time due to changes in generation mix
Carbon emission factors of individual fuels (e.g., natural gas, diesel, anthracite coal) have not appreciably changed over time. So, we can use EPA standard emission factors for these fuels.
Compare EIA time series against EPA emissions factors