Add checks to filter arguments for TrendAnalysis (Issue #377)

[martin-springer]

• [x] Code changes are covered by tests
• [x] Code changes have been evaluated for compatibility/integration with TrendAnalysis
• [x] New functions added to __init__.py
• [x] API.rst is up to date, along with other sphinx docs pages
• [ ] Example notebooks are rerun and differences in results scrutinized
• [x] Updated changelog

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 81.39535% with 8 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 95.82%. Comparing base (b3927da) to head (0da2f0f).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
rdtools/analysis_chains.py	81.39%	8 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## development #436 +/- ## =============================================== - Coverage 96.19% 95.82% -0.38% =============================================== Files 11 11 Lines 2209 2250 +41 =============================================== + Hits 2125 2156 +31 - Misses 84 94 +10 ```

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