Add all base types & flesh out all base types with useful constraints

[Olian04]

• [x] R
  • [x] not: R
  • [x] or(R[]): Void
  • [x] and(R[]): Void
  • [x] Number: Number
  • [x] String: String
  • [x] Boolean: Boolean
  • [x] Array: Array
  • [x] Object: Object
  • [x] Regex: Regex
  • [x] Null: Void
  • [x] Undefined: Void
  • [x] Any: Void
  • [x] Custom(predicate): R
• [x] Number
  • [x] not: Number
  • [x] Natural: Number
  • [x] Whole: Number
  • [x] Max(num): Number
  • [x] Min(num): Number
  • [x] Exact(num): Number
  • [x] Mod(num, num): Number
  • [x] Either(num[]): Number
  • [x] Between(num_a, num_b): Number
• [x] String
  • [x] not: String
  • [x] Length: Number
  • [x] Exact(str): String
  • [x] Either(str[]): String
  • [x] StartsWith(str): String
  • [x] EndsWith(str): String
  • [x] Matches(regex): String
• [x] Boolean
  • [x] True: Void
  • [x] False: Void
• [x] Array
  • [x] Length: Number
  • [x] Contains: R
  • [x] Each: R
  • [x] Like(array): Void
• [x] Object
  • [x] Values: Array
  • [x] Keys: Array
  • [x] Like(obj): Void
• [x] Regex
  • [x] Test(str): Boolean
• [x] Void

[Olian04]

Moved shorthand notation to its own issue. See #16 Moved optional properties to its own issue. See #15