Clean README and enhanced install instructions for protobuf in Docu

[PhRosenberger]

#### Reference to a related issue in the repository Relates to

• 717

• 592

• https://github.com/OpenSimulationInterface/osi-sensor-model-packaging/issues/87
• https://github.com/OpenSimulationInterface/osi-documentation/issues/64

Add a description

We need better install instructions for static / dynamic linking, so this PR should enhance the README for this. More explanation should then follow in the OSI documentation, I guess?

Take this checklist as orientation for yourself, if this PR is ready for the Change Control Board:

• [x] My suggestion follows the style and contributors guidelines.
• [x] I have taken care about the message documentation and the fields and enums documentation.
• [x] I have done the DCO signoff.
• [x] My changes generate no errors when passing CI tests.
• [x] I have successfully implemented and tested my fix/feature locally.
• [x] Appropriate reviewer(s) are assigned.

[jdsika]

Use placeholder for version

[PhRosenberger]

@pmai, could you please provide the further details on proper linker flags in addition to the instructions in the new file installing_prerequisites.adoc?

[PhRosenberger]

@philipwindecker Thanks a lot for your support with documentation references and your review!

[pmai]

CCB 2023-05-22: Merge as-is, conflicts to be resolved @pmai